Medical Terminology Unit 3

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Questions and Answers

What does the suffix -ase mean?

A tumor

A process

A type of cell

An enzyme (correct)

What does the suffix -blast mean?

A rapidly dividing cell

What does the suffix -cyte mean?

Cell

What do these suffixes -elle, -icle, -iculum, -ion, -ole, -ule, -ula, -ular, -ulum mean?

Diminutive suffix, making something smaller Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -gen mean?

Creation or giving rise to Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ic mean?

Referring to Signup and view all the answers

What are the suffixes that indicate many chemicals?

-id, -ide, -tide Signup and view all the answers

What do the suffixes -in, -ein, and -globulin indicate?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ine indicate?

Amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -oma mean?

Tumor or swelling Signup and view all the answers

What does -lysis stand for?

Breakdown or destruction Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -oid mean?

Resembling Signup and view all the answers

What is the common word ending used to indicate alcohol?

-ol Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -olus mean?

Smaller Signup and view all the answers

What is the word ending commonly used to indicate a sugar?

-ose Signup and view all the answers

What does -osis refer to?

A process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ote mean?

A type of cell Signup and view all the answers

What does -penia mean?

Deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What does the term -poiesis indicate?

Creation process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -some mean?

Body Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word acid describe?

A substance that gives off hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word active describe?

Something that requires energy Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word agonist mean?

Fighter, champion Signup and view all the answers

What is the root word for the chemical group containing nitrogen?

Aminoo Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word archaea describe?

Ancient Signup and view all the answers

What is the root word for life?

Bio Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word cancer refer to?

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word capsid mean?

Box Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word chondro mean?

Granule Signup and view all the answers

What is a unit of living things enclosed by a cellular membrane?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What do the root words chrom/at and chrom/o refer to?

Color Signup and view all the answers

What does clone mean in medical terms?

A cell that is the exact genetic copy of its parent cell Signup and view all the answers

What does dox mean?

Opinion or belief Signup and view all the answers

What is deoxyrib/o the root word for?

A sugar similar to ribose but missing an oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What does the word electron refer to?

A subatomic particle used in microscopes Signup and view all the answers

Are the golgi apparatus, golgi bodies, and golgi complex all different?

False Signup and view all the answers

What does karyon mean?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What do lys/o and lytic refer to?

Breakdown; destruction Signup and view all the answers

What does malignant mean?

Invasive or destructive Signup and view all the answers

What does meion refer to?

Lessen or reduce Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word mito mean?

Thread Signup and view all the answers

What does myel/o refer to?

Marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does necr/o refer to?

Death Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of a cell often bound by another membrane?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What does onc/o refer to?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word organ refer to?

Tool; instrument Signup and view all the answers

What does paradox mean?

Unexpected or against popular opinion Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word for something that does not require energy?

Passive Signup and view all the answers

What do phag/o and phage mean?

Eating Signup and view all the answers

What does pin/o mean?

Drinking Signup and view all the answers

What does plasm mean?

Jelly Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word ptosis mean?

Drooping Signup and view all the answers

What does respiration refer to?

Breathing, or the process of turning oxygen into energy Signup and view all the answers

What does ret/e mean?

Net Signup and view all the answers

What does rib/o refer to?

Sugar as the base for many molecules Signup and view all the answers

What does soma mean as a root word?

Body Signup and view all the answers

What does stasis refer to?

Stopping or holding Signup and view all the answers

What does transcript mean?

Changing the form without changing the language Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to translate something?

Change the language Signup and view all the answers

What does transmissibility describe?

The ability of a disease to move from one person to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the root word for the bladder?

Ves Signup and view all the answers

What does virulence mean?

The severity of the disease or how strongly it affects someone Signup and view all the answers

What does virus mean in Latin?

Slimy liquid or poison Signup and view all the answers

What does zym/o refer to?

Leavening, a chemical process that makes bubbles in bread and beer Signup and view all the answers

What do the prefixes ant- and anti- mean?

Against Signup and view all the answers

What does apo- mean?

Off Signup and view all the answers

What does endo- mean?

Inside Signup and view all the answers

What prefix means perfect or true?

Eu- Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix leuko- mean?

White Signup and view all the answers

What does homeo- mean?

Same Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix pro- mean?

Before or early Signup and view all the answers

What does sym- mean?

Together Signup and view all the answers

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is deoxyribonucleic acid abbreviated as?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrogen and hydrogen ions abbreviated?

H, H+ Signup and view all the answers

How are potassium and potassium ions abbreviated?

K, K+ Signup and view all the answers

What does messenger RNA stand for?

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

How are sodium and sodium ions abbreviated?

Na, Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for rough endoplasmic reticulum?

RER Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA stand for?

Ribonucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

What does rRNA stand for?

Ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

What are alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon?

Greek letters Signup and view all the answers

What is the first Greek letter?

Alpha Signup and view all the answers

What is the second Greek letter?

Beta Signup and view all the answers

What is gamma in terms of Greek letters?

Third Signup and view all the answers

Is delta the fourth or fifth Greek letter?

Fourth Signup and view all the answers

What is the fifth Greek letter?

Epsilon Signup and view all the answers

What does apoptosis mean?

Intentional or programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is necrosis?

Pathological or unintentional cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

A state of equilibrium or balance in the body Signup and view all the answers

What does nucleic mean?

Nucleic acids are chemicals isolated from the nucleus of living cells Signup and view all the answers

What does ribonucleic mean?

A chemical used in cells to make proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a ribosome?

A cellular machinery made of RNA and protein, the site of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does deoxyribonucleic mean?

A chemical used in cells to store information Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleolus?

A smaller region within the nucleus that makes RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

A membrane-bound organelle found in cells, often used to export materials Signup and view all the answers

What is a lysosome?

A cellular organelle that breaks down substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an enzyme?

A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions (catalyst) Signup and view all the answers

What is an organelle?

A membrane-bound unit that performs specific jobs within the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a mitochondrion?

An energy-producing organelle Signup and view all the answers

What does symbiosis mean?

Cells living together Signup and view all the answers

What do centrioles and centrosomes involve?

Cell division Signup and view all the answers

What does microtubules refer to?

A structural part of the cell skeleton or cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division preserves genetic information?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Suffixes and Their Meanings

-ase: Denotes enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
-blast: Refers to rapidly dividing cells.
-cyte: Indicates a cell.
Diminutive Suffixes: Includes -elle, -icle, -iculum, -ion, -ole, -ule, -ula, -ular, -ulum, meaning smaller versions of something (e.g., icicle).
Creation Suffixes: Includes -gen, -genic, -genesis, -genous, indicating creation or giving rise to something.
-ic: Means referring to something.
Chemical Suffixes: -id, -ide, -tide are used when referring to multiple chemicals.
Proteins Indicators: Suffixes -in, -ein, and -globulin denote proteins; -ine indicates amino acids.

Other Important Suffixes

-oma: Refers to tumors or swellings.
-lysis: Indicates breakdown or destruction of cells.
-oid: Means resembling.
-ol: Common indicator for alcohol.
-olus: Means smaller.
-ose: Commonly indicates sugars.
-osis: Describes a process (e.g., meiosis, mitosis).
-ote: Derived from zygote, refers to a type of cell.
-penia: Describes a deficiency in something.
-poiesis: Refers to the process of creation (e.g., hematopoiesis).

Root Words and Their Significance

acid: Describes a substance that gives off hydrogen ions.
active: Indicates something that requires energy.
agonist: Refers to a fighter or champion.
aminoo: Indicates a chemical group containing nitrogen.
archaea: Means ancient, referring to primitive life forms.
bio: Root word for life.
cancer: Describes diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
chondro: Means granule.
cell: Defines a unit of living things, bound by a membrane.
color roots: Chrom/at and chrom/o refer to color.

Cellular Components and Function

electron: A subatomic particle used in microscopy.
golgi apparatus/bodies/complex: Different terms for the same organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins.
karyon: Refers to the nucleus.
lys/o and lytic: Associated with breakdown or destruction.
malignant: Describes something invasive or destructive.
mito: Means thread.
myel/o: Refers specifically to bone marrow.
necr/o: Indicates death.
nucleus: The cell's central part, bound by another membrane.
onc/o: Relates to cancer (e.g., oncology).

Biological Processes and Concepts

paradox: Refers to unexpected or contrary to popular opinion.
passive: Describes processes that do not require energy.
phag/o: Root for eating, while pin/o refers to drinking.
plasm: Indicates jelly-like substance; -ptosis refers to drooping.
respiration: Breathing process turning oxygen into energy.
rib/o: Refers to sugars in cellular molecules.
soma: Means body, similar to -some.
stasis: Refers to stopping or holding (e.g., hemostasis).

Cellular Communication and Genetics

transcript: Changing form without changing language (e.g., DNA to RNA).
translation: Changing language (e.g., RNA to protein).
transmissibility: Pertains to a disease's ability to spread.
ves: Refers to the bladder.
virulence: Indicates the severity of a disease.
virus: Latin term for poison or slimy liquid.

Prefixes and Their Meanings

anti-/ant-: Mean against.
apo-: Means off.
endo-: Means inside.
eu-: Means perfect or true.
leuko-: Refers to white (e.g., leukocytes).
homeo-: Means same.
pro-: Means before or early.
sym-: Means together.

Abbreviations and Scientific Notations

ATP: Stands for Adenosine triphosphate (energy currency of the cell).
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, used for information storage.
mRNA: Messenger RNA, crucial for protein synthesis.
RER: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
RNA: Ribonucleic acid, involved in protein construction.
rRNA: Ribosomal RNA, part of ribosomes involved in protein synthesis.

Cellular Structures and Functions

nucleolus: Smaller region within the nucleus for RNA production.
-endoplasmic reticulum: Indicates inside jelly referring to a net structure.
vesicle: Membrane-bound organelle for material export.
lysosome: Organelle that breaks down substances.
organelle: Membrane-bound unit performing specific functions in cells.
mitochondrion: Energy-producing organelle.
symbiosis: Describes cells living together.
centrioles/centrosomes: Organelles involved in cell division.
microtubules: Structural components of the cell skeleton.
mitosis: A type of cell division that preserves genetic information.

Biological Death Processes

apoptosis: Programmed cell death.
necrosis: Unintentional or pathological cell death.
homeostasis: State of equilibrium or balance in the body.

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