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Questions and Answers

What is the function of White blood cells?

  • Aid in breathing
  • Fight infection (correct)
  • Carry oxygen
  • Help with blood clotting

Which component of the blood is responsible for clotting?

  • Platelets (correct)
  • Red blood cells
  • Plasma
  • White blood cells

What is the sensation of change in pressure (beat) in arteries due to heart contraction called?

  • Inspiration
  • Exhalation
  • Pulse (correct)
  • Aspiration

What does the Department of Transportation (DOT) manage according to the text?

<p>EMR-Paramedic training standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does aspiration occur according to the text?

<p>When food enters a person's airway by accident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during exhalation based on the text?

<p>Diaphragm relaxes and moves downward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process of moving air in and out of the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical condition characterized by blueness or lividness of the skin?

<p>Cyanosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body consists of the illium, ischium, and pubis bones?

<p>Pelvic area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system contains nerves that transmit messages to and from the central nervous system?

<p>Peripheral Nervous System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CNS stand for in medical terminology?

<p>Central Nervous System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chambers of the heart are known as the superior chambers?

<p>Atria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessels are arterioles?

<p>Small arteries connected to capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of capillaries in the body?

<p>Allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rigor mortis a sign of?

<p>Stiffening of muscles or joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should CPR be contraindicated?

<p>When there is a DNR (Do not resuscitate) order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what age classification would a preschool-aged child fall?

<p>Pre school Age (3-5 years) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a cyanotic skin color indicate?

<p>Poor blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often associated with seizures in children and infants?

<p>High fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons in the body?

<p>Connect muscles to bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ligaments?

<p>Attach bone to bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary movements in the body?

<p>Smooth muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a substance is ingested through the mouth, which route of poisoning has occurred?

<p>Ingestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unresponsive and collapsing to the ground?

<p>Tonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of a seizure involves the patient alternating between contraction and relaxation?

<p>Clonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anaphylaxis, what is the main reason why the patient's life is threatened?

<p>Decreased perfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infant reflex involves throwing arms out, spreading fingers, and grabbing with fingers when startled?

<p>Moro reflex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the OPQRST mnemonic stand for in patient assessment?

<p>Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'PERL' in medical terms refers to which pupil condition?

<p>Pupils Equal Round and Reactive to Light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for low oxygen levels within the body?

<p>Cyanosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels carry blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones?

<p>Pelvic area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal requirement to perform known as?

<p>Duty to act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs called?

<p>Pulmonary ventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vessel type where exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes occur?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the right ventricle in the heart?

<p>Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical condition is indicated by thready pulse, according to the information provided?

<p>Cardiogenic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CHF (congestive heart failure) result from?

<p>Back up of fluid in the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels?

<p>Hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of dyspnea?

<p>Labored breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which blood vessel is affected?

<p>Aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles are responsible for involuntary movements in the body?

<p>Smooth muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligaments in the body?

<p>Connect bone to bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are alveoli located in the respiratory system?

<p>At the end of bronchioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substance that can harm the body, whether ingested, inhaled, or injected?

<p>Poison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of a seizure is typically characterized by a high fever or a rapid rise in body temperature in children and infants?

<p>Febrile phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are abdominal thrusts typically performed during first aid administration?

<p>Between lower ribs and umbilicus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unaware it will occur?

<p>Aura phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infant reflex involves placing a finger in the baby's palm causing them to grasp it?

<p>Palmar reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mnemonic is used for stroke assessment and includes the components Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech, and Time?

<p>FAST (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anaphylaxis, what physiological response makes it difficult for the patient to breathe?

<p>Constricted airway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'OPQRST' stand for in patient assessment?

<p>Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of patient history does the 'SAMPLE' mnemonic refer to?

<p>Events leading to present (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a condition where the airway becomes inflamed, narrow, and produces extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe?

<p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of grief includes the emotional response of refusing to accept reality?

<p>Denial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of white blood cells in the body?

<p>Fighting infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is responsible for stopping bleeding by aiding in clot formation?

<p>Platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a paramedic among other emergency medical personnel?

<p>Assist in starting IVs and intubation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Blood Components and Functions

  • White blood cells: fight infection
  • Red blood cells: carry oxygen
  • Plasma: yellowish liquid component of blood
  • Platelets: help with clotting

Medical Terms and Concepts

  • Pulse: sensation of change in pressure in arteries created by heart contraction
  • Standard Precautions: use of protective equipment to prevent spread of disease
  • Pathogen: disease-causing agent
  • Supine: lying on back, facing up
  • Prone: lying on stomach
  • Patent: airway open and clear
  • Aspiration: when food, liquid, or other material enters airway and eventually lungs
  • Inhalation: process of drawing breaths
  • Exhalation: process of breathing out
  • Hypoxia: low oxygen levels within the body
  • Cyanosis: blueness or lividness of skin
  • Pulmonary ventilation: process of moving air in and out of lungs

Anatomy

  • Arteries: vessels that carry blood away from heart
  • Veins: vessels that carry blood back to heart
  • Capillaries: thin blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs
  • Central Nervous System (CNS): contains brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): contains nerves that transmit messages to and from CNS
  • Bones in pelvic area: ilium, ischium, and pubis
  • 33 bones in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx areas

CPR and Emergency Response

  • Age classifications for CPR:
    • Toddler: 12-36 months
    • Preschool Age: 3-5 years
    • School Age: 6-12 years
    • Adolescence: 13-19 years
    • Early Adulthood: 20-40 years
    • Middle Adulthood: 41-60 years
    • Late Adulthood: 61 years and older
  • Infant: 0-1 year
  • Child: 1-12 years
  • Adult: 12 years and above
  • AED: attaches pads to chest and analyzes rhythm
  • Scenes size-up: determines BSI scene safety

Seizures and Allergic Reactions

  • Phases of seizure:
    • Aura: patient aware it will occur
    • Tonic: unresponsive and collapses to ground
    • Clonic: alternating between contraction and relaxation
    • Post-ictal: patient gradually regains responsiveness
  • Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic reaction
  • Treatment of seizures: let patient finish, consider ABC, and place in recovery position and transport ASAP

Medical Conditions and Terms

  • Atherosclerosis: build-up of fats, cholesterol, and substances in and on artery walls
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): caused by back-up of fluid in lungs due to heart's inability to properly pump
  • Emphysema: respiratory disease caused by smoking, prohibiting gas exchange
  • Diabetes: condition that prevents patient from producing insulin
  • Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar/glucose
  • Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar/glucose
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): enlargement of the aorta, main blood vessel that delivers blood to body

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