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Questions and Answers

What is the function of White blood cells?

  • Aid in breathing
  • Fight infection (correct)
  • Carry oxygen
  • Help with blood clotting

    • Which component of the blood is responsible for clotting?

  • Platelets (correct)
  • Red blood cells
  • Plasma
  • White blood cells

    • What is the sensation of change in pressure (beat) in arteries due to heart contraction called?

  • Inspiration
  • Exhalation
  • Pulse (correct)
  • Aspiration

    • What does the Department of Transportation (DOT) manage according to the text?

    <p>EMR-Paramedic training standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does aspiration occur according to the text?

    <p>When food enters a person's airway by accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during exhalation based on the text?

    <p>Diaphragm relaxes and moves downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of moving air in and out of the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical condition characterized by blueness or lividness of the skin?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body consists of the illium, ischium, and pubis bones?

    <p>Pelvic area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system contains nerves that transmit messages to and from the central nervous system?

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CNS stand for in medical terminology?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers of the heart are known as the superior chambers?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessels are arterioles?

    <p>Small arteries connected to capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillaries in the body?

    <p>Allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rigor mortis a sign of?

    <p>Stiffening of muscles or joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should CPR be contraindicated?

    <p>When there is a DNR (Do not resuscitate) order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what age classification would a preschool-aged child fall?

    <p>Pre school Age (3-5 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cyanotic skin color indicate?

    <p>Poor blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often associated with seizures in children and infants?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons in the body?

    <p>Connect muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ligaments?

    <p>Attach bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary movements in the body?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a substance is ingested through the mouth, which route of poisoning has occurred?

    <p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unresponsive and collapsing to the ground?

    <p>Tonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of a seizure involves the patient alternating between contraction and relaxation?

    <p>Clonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anaphylaxis, what is the main reason why the patient's life is threatened?

    <p>Decreased perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infant reflex involves throwing arms out, spreading fingers, and grabbing with fingers when startled?

    <p>Moro reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the OPQRST mnemonic stand for in patient assessment?

    <p>Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'PERL' in medical terms refers to which pupil condition?

    <p>Pupils Equal Round and Reactive to Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for low oxygen levels within the body?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels carry blood back to the heart?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones?

    <p>Pelvic area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal requirement to perform known as?

    <p>Duty to act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs called?

    <p>Pulmonary ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vessel type where exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes occur?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the right ventricle in the heart?

    <p>Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is indicated by thready pulse, according to the information provided?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CHF (congestive heart failure) result from?

    <p>Back up of fluid in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of dyspnea?

    <p>Labored breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which blood vessel is affected?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles are responsible for involuntary movements in the body?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ligaments in the body?

    <p>Connect bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alveoli located in the respiratory system?

    <p>At the end of bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substance that can harm the body, whether ingested, inhaled, or injected?

    <p>Poison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of a seizure is typically characterized by a high fever or a rapid rise in body temperature in children and infants?

    <p>Febrile phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are abdominal thrusts typically performed during first aid administration?

    <p>Between lower ribs and umbilicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unaware it will occur?

    <p>Aura phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infant reflex involves placing a finger in the baby's palm causing them to grasp it?

    <p>Palmar reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mnemonic is used for stroke assessment and includes the components Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech, and Time?

    <p>FAST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anaphylaxis, what physiological response makes it difficult for the patient to breathe?

    <p>Constricted airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mnemonic 'OPQRST' stand for in patient assessment?

    <p>Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of patient history does the 'SAMPLE' mnemonic refer to?

    <p>Events leading to present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a condition where the airway becomes inflamed, narrow, and produces extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of grief includes the emotional response of refusing to accept reality?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white blood cells in the body?

    <p>Fighting infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for stopping bleeding by aiding in clot formation?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a paramedic among other emergency medical personnel?

    <p>Assist in starting IVs and intubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Components and Functions

    • White blood cells: fight infection
    • Red blood cells: carry oxygen
    • Plasma: yellowish liquid component of blood
    • Platelets: help with clotting

    Medical Terms and Concepts

    • Pulse: sensation of change in pressure in arteries created by heart contraction
    • Standard Precautions: use of protective equipment to prevent spread of disease
    • Pathogen: disease-causing agent
    • Supine: lying on back, facing up
    • Prone: lying on stomach
    • Patent: airway open and clear
    • Aspiration: when food, liquid, or other material enters airway and eventually lungs
    • Inhalation: process of drawing breaths
    • Exhalation: process of breathing out
    • Hypoxia: low oxygen levels within the body
    • Cyanosis: blueness or lividness of skin
    • Pulmonary ventilation: process of moving air in and out of lungs

    Anatomy

    • Arteries: vessels that carry blood away from heart
    • Veins: vessels that carry blood back to heart
    • Capillaries: thin blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs
    • Central Nervous System (CNS): contains brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): contains nerves that transmit messages to and from CNS
    • Bones in pelvic area: ilium, ischium, and pubis
    • 33 bones in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx areas

    CPR and Emergency Response

    • Age classifications for CPR:
      • Toddler: 12-36 months
      • Preschool Age: 3-5 years
      • School Age: 6-12 years
      • Adolescence: 13-19 years
      • Early Adulthood: 20-40 years
      • Middle Adulthood: 41-60 years
      • Late Adulthood: 61 years and older
    • Infant: 0-1 year
    • Child: 1-12 years
    • Adult: 12 years and above
    • AED: attaches pads to chest and analyzes rhythm
    • Scenes size-up: determines BSI scene safety

    Seizures and Allergic Reactions

    • Phases of seizure:
      • Aura: patient aware it will occur
      • Tonic: unresponsive and collapses to ground
      • Clonic: alternating between contraction and relaxation
      • Post-ictal: patient gradually regains responsiveness
    • Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic reaction
    • Treatment of seizures: let patient finish, consider ABC, and place in recovery position and transport ASAP

    Medical Conditions and Terms

    • Atherosclerosis: build-up of fats, cholesterol, and substances in and on artery walls
    • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): caused by back-up of fluid in lungs due to heart's inability to properly pump
    • Emphysema: respiratory disease caused by smoking, prohibiting gas exchange
    • Diabetes: condition that prevents patient from producing insulin
    • Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar/glucose
    • Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar/glucose
    • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): enlargement of the aorta, main blood vessel that delivers blood to body

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    Test your knowledge on various medical terms and definitions related to blood cells, plasma, pathogens, body positions, and more.

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