59 Questions
What is the function of White blood cells?
Fight infection
Which component of the blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
What is the sensation of change in pressure (beat) in arteries due to heart contraction called?
Pulse
What does the Department of Transportation (DOT) manage according to the text?
EMR-Paramedic training standards
When does aspiration occur according to the text?
When food enters a person's airway by accident
What happens during exhalation based on the text?
Diaphragm relaxes and moves downward
Which term refers to the process of moving air in and out of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is the medical condition characterized by blueness or lividness of the skin?
Cyanosis
Which part of the body consists of the illium, ischium, and pubis bones?
Pelvic area
What is the term for the vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
Veins
Which system contains nerves that transmit messages to and from the central nervous system?
Peripheral Nervous System
What does CNS stand for in medical terminology?
Central Nervous System
Which chambers of the heart are known as the superior chambers?
Atria
What type of blood vessels are arterioles?
Small arteries connected to capillaries
What is the main function of capillaries in the body?
Allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
What is rigor mortis a sign of?
Stiffening of muscles or joints
When should CPR be contraindicated?
When there is a DNR (Do not resuscitate) order
In what age classification would a preschool-aged child fall?
Pre school Age (3-5 years)
What does a cyanotic skin color indicate?
Poor blood flow
Which condition is often associated with seizures in children and infants?
High fever
What is the function of tendons in the body?
Connect muscles to bones
What is the main function of ligaments?
Attach bone to bone
Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary movements in the body?
Smooth muscles
If a substance is ingested through the mouth, which route of poisoning has occurred?
Ingestion
What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unresponsive and collapsing to the ground?
Tonic
Which phase of a seizure involves the patient alternating between contraction and relaxation?
Clonic
In anaphylaxis, what is the main reason why the patient's life is threatened?
Decreased perfusion
Which infant reflex involves throwing arms out, spreading fingers, and grabbing with fingers when startled?
Moro reflex
What does the OPQRST mnemonic stand for in patient assessment?
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time
'PERL' in medical terms refers to which pupil condition?
Pupils Equal Round and Reactive to Light
What is the term for low oxygen levels within the body?
Cyanosis
Which vessels carry blood back to the heart?
Veins
Which part of the body consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones?
Pelvic area
What is the legal requirement to perform known as?
Duty to act
What is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs called?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is the vessel type where exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes occur?
Capillaries
What is the function of the right ventricle in the heart?
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Which medical condition is indicated by thready pulse, according to the information provided?
Cardiogenic shock
What does CHF (congestive heart failure) result from?
Back up of fluid in the lungs
Which condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels?
Hyperglycemia
What is the main symptom of dyspnea?
Labored breathing
When a patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which blood vessel is affected?
Aorta
Which type of muscles are responsible for involuntary movements in the body?
Smooth muscles
What is the function of ligaments in the body?
Connect bone to bone
Where are alveoli located in the respiratory system?
At the end of bronchioles
What is the term for the substance that can harm the body, whether ingested, inhaled, or injected?
Poison
Which phase of a seizure is typically characterized by a high fever or a rapid rise in body temperature in children and infants?
Febrile phase
Where are abdominal thrusts typically performed during first aid administration?
Between lower ribs and umbilicus
What phase of a seizure is characterized by the patient being unaware it will occur?
Aura phase
Which infant reflex involves placing a finger in the baby's palm causing them to grasp it?
Palmar reflex
Which mnemonic is used for stroke assessment and includes the components Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech, and Time?
FAST
In anaphylaxis, what physiological response makes it difficult for the patient to breathe?
Constricted airway
What does the mnemonic 'OPQRST' stand for in patient assessment?
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time
What part of patient history does the 'SAMPLE' mnemonic refer to?
Events leading to present
What term is used to describe a condition where the airway becomes inflamed, narrow, and produces extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe?
Asthma
Which stage of grief includes the emotional response of refusing to accept reality?
Denial
What is the main function of white blood cells in the body?
Fighting infection
Which component of blood is responsible for stopping bleeding by aiding in clot formation?
Platelets
What is the primary role of a paramedic among other emergency medical personnel?
Assist in starting IVs and intubation
Study Notes
Blood Components and Functions
- White blood cells: fight infection
- Red blood cells: carry oxygen
- Plasma: yellowish liquid component of blood
- Platelets: help with clotting
Medical Terms and Concepts
- Pulse: sensation of change in pressure in arteries created by heart contraction
- Standard Precautions: use of protective equipment to prevent spread of disease
- Pathogen: disease-causing agent
- Supine: lying on back, facing up
- Prone: lying on stomach
- Patent: airway open and clear
- Aspiration: when food, liquid, or other material enters airway and eventually lungs
- Inhalation: process of drawing breaths
- Exhalation: process of breathing out
- Hypoxia: low oxygen levels within the body
- Cyanosis: blueness or lividness of skin
- Pulmonary ventilation: process of moving air in and out of lungs
Anatomy
- Arteries: vessels that carry blood away from heart
- Veins: vessels that carry blood back to heart
- Capillaries: thin blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs
- Central Nervous System (CNS): contains brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): contains nerves that transmit messages to and from CNS
- Bones in pelvic area: ilium, ischium, and pubis
- 33 bones in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx areas
CPR and Emergency Response
- Age classifications for CPR:
- Toddler: 12-36 months
- Preschool Age: 3-5 years
- School Age: 6-12 years
- Adolescence: 13-19 years
- Early Adulthood: 20-40 years
- Middle Adulthood: 41-60 years
- Late Adulthood: 61 years and older
- Infant: 0-1 year
- Child: 1-12 years
- Adult: 12 years and above
- AED: attaches pads to chest and analyzes rhythm
- Scenes size-up: determines BSI scene safety
Seizures and Allergic Reactions
- Phases of seizure:
- Aura: patient aware it will occur
- Tonic: unresponsive and collapses to ground
- Clonic: alternating between contraction and relaxation
- Post-ictal: patient gradually regains responsiveness
- Anaphylaxis: life-threatening allergic reaction
- Treatment of seizures: let patient finish, consider ABC, and place in recovery position and transport ASAP
Medical Conditions and Terms
- Atherosclerosis: build-up of fats, cholesterol, and substances in and on artery walls
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): caused by back-up of fluid in lungs due to heart's inability to properly pump
- Emphysema: respiratory disease caused by smoking, prohibiting gas exchange
- Diabetes: condition that prevents patient from producing insulin
- Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar/glucose
- Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar/glucose
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): enlargement of the aorta, main blood vessel that delivers blood to body
Test your knowledge on various medical terms and definitions related to blood cells, plasma, pathogens, body positions, and more.
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