Questions and Answers
What does PMN stand for?
polymorphonuclear
Which white blood cell type has granules that stain dark purple in response to alkaline dye?
basophil
What is the plasma protein converted to thrombin during the clotting process?
prothrombin
A person with type A blood will have type ___ red cell antigens.
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______tion is the process of blood clotting.
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What is the enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?
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What are special proteins that trigger the production, maturation, and activation of granulocytes?
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What protein is converted to fibrin during the clotting process?
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What does the combining form thromb/o mean?
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____globin is the blood protein that enables the transport of oxygen.
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What portion of plasma contains antibodies to protect the body against antigens?
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Which cell type is a mononuclear leukocyte?
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What are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens called?
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What protein maintains proper proportion and concentration of water in blood?
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What hormone is secreted by the kidneys to stimulate the bone marrow to make RBC?
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Serum contains clotting elements.
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____blood contains anti-A bodies.
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____ is formed by the release of iron in the breakdown of hemoglobin.
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What are protein substances stimulated by the presence of antigens called?
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What is the process called for the formation of blood cells?
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A_____phil is a white blood cell that does not stain intensely with either alkaline or acidic dye.
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Which white blood cell contains heparin and histamine?
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Granulocytes are formed in red bone marrow, or ___ old tissue.
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Blood has all of these functions except regulating respiration.
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Persons with ____ blood are referred to as universal recipients.
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What does the combining form erythr/o mean?
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What abnormality is characteristic of multiple myeloma?
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____ refers to a deficient production of all cellular elements of the blood.
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What does the suffix -cytosis mean?
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What does CML stand for?
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What is an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually associated with Mediterranean backgrounds?
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What is excessive bleeding caused by a congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting?
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What virus causes mononucleosis?
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What kind of anemia occurs when bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells?
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Which condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells?
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What does the suffix in the term anemia mean?
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What is characterized by excess iron deposits throughout the body?
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What disease involves malignant white blood cells filling the marrow and bloodstream?
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In some anemias, irregularly shaped blood cells form a condition known as?
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In acute myeloid leukemia, there is an increased number of?
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What does ALL stand for?
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Study Notes
Blood Components and Functions
- PMN stands for polymorphonuclear, referring to a type of white blood cell.
- Basophils have granules that stain dark purple when exposed to alkaline dye.
- Prothrombin is the plasma protein transformed into thrombin during clotting.
- Type A blood possesses A red cell antigens.
- Coagulation refers to the process of blood clotting.
Clotting Process
- Thrombin is the enzyme responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin in coagulation.
- Fibrinogen is the protein converted into fibrin during the clotting sequence.
- The combining form thromb/o is associated with clots.
Blood Proteins and Hormones
- Hemoglobin (hemo-globin) is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood.
- Globulin is the plasma portion containing antibodies that defend against antigens.
- Lymphocytes are classified as mononuclear leukocytes, crucial for immune response.
- Immunoglobulins are antibodies that can bind to and sometimes destroy antigens.
- Albumin maintains water balance in blood.
- Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production.
Serum vs Plasma
- Serum differs from plasma by lacking clotting elements, important for certain medical tests.
Blood Typing and Antibodies
- Type B blood produces anti-A antibodies.
- Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin and contains released iron.
- Antibodies are proteins stimulated by antigens to provide immune protection.
Blood Cell Formation and Disorders
- Hematopoiesis is the formation process of blood cells.
- Neutrophils are white blood cells that stain poorly with dyes, indicating a unique classification.
- Granulocytes are produced in the red bone marrow or myeloid tissue.
Blood Functions and Blood Types
- Blood functions do not include regulating respiration.
- Individuals with Type AB blood are labeled universal recipients due to their compatible antigen profile.
- Erythr/o is a combining form that means red.
Hematological Disorders
- Multiple myeloma is marked by an overproduction of immunoglobulins.
- Pancytopenia refers to reduced production of all cellular blood elements.
- The suffix -cytosis indicates an abnormal condition involving cells.
- CML is chronic myeloid leukemia, a specific type of blood cancer.
- Thalassemia is an inherited disorder related to hemoglobin production, often seen in individuals of Mediterranean descent.
- Hemophilia is a congenital condition that results in excessive bleeding due to missing clotting proteins.
- Epstein-Barr virus is the causative agent of mononucleosis.
- Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow fails to make red blood cells.
- Polycythemia vera is characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells.
Additional Anemias and Conditions
- The suffix in anemia denotes a blood condition.
- Hemochromatosis is characterized by excessive iron accumulation in the body.
- Leukemia involves malignant white blood cells proliferating in the bone marrow and bloodstream.
- Poikliocytosis indicates irregularly shaped red blood cells in certain anemias.
- Acute myeloid leukemia features an increase in immature malignant leukocytes.
- ALL stands for acute lymphocytic leukemia, another form of blood cancer.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key medical terminology from Chapter 13. This quiz covers important definitions related to blood cells, plasma proteins, and antigen types. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding.
