Questions and Answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Aspiration = The misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract Dysphagia = Difficulty swallowing or the inability to swallow Ketosis = Catabolism of fatty acids that occurs when a person’s carbohydrate intake is not adequate; incomplete catabolism results in increased ketones Residual = As applied to tube feeding, the amount of gastric contents in the stomach after the administration of a tube feeding
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
BMI = Ratio of height to weight that accurately reflects total body fat stores in the general population Calorie = Measure of heat or energy; kilocalorie is defined as the heat required to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C Nutrient = Biochemical substance used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury Vitamins = Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to help regulate body processes; susceptible to oxidation and destruction
Match the following substances with their properties:
Carbohydrate = Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; most abundant and least expensive source of calories worldwide Cholesterol = Fatlike substance found only in animal tissues; important for cell membrane structure, precursor of steroid hormones, and constituent of bile Lipids = Group name for fatty substances including fats, oils, waxes, and related compounds Protein = Vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Match the following feeding tubes with their insertion sites:
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Study Notes
Nutrition and Health
- Aspiration occurs when oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents enter the larynx and lower respiratory tract.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio of height to weight, providing a more accurate reflection of total body fat stores (weight in kg/height² in meters).
Macronutrients and Energy
- A calorie is a measure of heat or energy; a kilocalorie (kcal) is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C.
- Carbohydrates are organic compounds (sugars and starches) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are the most abundant and least expensive source of calories worldwide.
Lipids and Fatty Acids
- Cholesterol is a fatlike substance found only in animal tissues, important for cell membrane structure, steroid hormone production, and bile composition.
- Lipids are a group of fatty substances including fats, oils, waxes, and related compounds.
- Ketosis occurs when carbohydrate intake is inadequate, leading to incomplete fatty acid catabolism and increased ketone production.
Nutrient Delivery and Intake
- Enteral nutrition involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract for formula instillation.
- Nasogastric (NG) tube is a tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach, while nasointestinal (NI) tube is inserted into the upper small intestine.
- NPO (nothing by mouth) means no oral intake of food, medications, or fluids, unless ordered otherwise.
Nutrient Classification and Function
- Nutrients are biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury.
- Protein is a vital component of every living cell, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Vitamins are organic substances needed in small amounts to regulate body processes and are susceptible to oxidation and destruction.
Health Conditions and Interventions
- Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing or the inability to swallow.
- Obesity is defined as a weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight.
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) and percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube (PEJ) are surgically or laparoscopically placed tubes for enteral nutrition.
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