Medical Terminology Overview

Study Notes

Presented by Dr. Asmaa Ramadan Abdel-Hamed, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University.
Lecture material includes topics like prohibitions during lectures, intended learning outcomes, and the cardiovascular system.

Illustrate the importance of using medical terms.
List examples of prefixes, suffixes, and roots for medical terms.
Illustrate the meaning of medical terms.
Identify directional terms and planes of the body.
Record scientific terms for various diseases (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, nervous).
Conduct research presentations and analyze relationships between medical terminology and the healthcare system.
Analyze, evaluate, and apply medical terminology.
Categorize different medical terms for various diseases.
Work effectively in teams.
Use technology tools.

Function: Blood circulation throughout the body.
Components: Heart and blood vessels.
Action: Continuous circuit that delivers oxygen and nutrients and carries waste.
Location: Slightly to the left of the center of the body; positioned between the right and left lungs with the left lung slightly smaller to accommodate the heart in the left chest.

Composed of three layers:
- Endocardium: Thin inner layer covering heart chambers and valves.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer of the heart wall.
- Epicardium: Thin outer layer of the heart wall.

Atria: Two upper receiving chambers.
Ventricles: Two lower pumping chambers.
Septum: Division between chambers (interatrial and interventricular).
Valves:
- Tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle.
- Mitral(Bicuspid) valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle.

Pulmonary circuit: Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs for oxygenation.
Systemic circuit: Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Cardiac arrest: Cessation of effective heart action.
Endocarditis: Inflammation of the heart wall lining.
Pericarditis: Inflammation of the heart's covering membrane.
Cardiac arrhythmias: Irregular heart action, including rhythm disturbances.
Atherosclerosis: Development of fatty patches in arteries, leading to narrowing and hardening.
Ischemic heart disease: Markedly reduced blood supply to the heart muscle.
Myocardial infarction: Localized necrosis (tissue death) due to coronary artery blockage.

Tachycardia: Rapid heart beats.
Bradycardia: Slow heart beats.
Angina pectoris: Feeling of constriction around the heart or pain radiating to the left arm or shoulder, often caused by exertion.
Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of the vascular lumen.
Vasodilation: Widening of the vascular lumen.

Sphygmomanometer: Instrument for measuring blood pressure.
Stethoscope: Instrument for listening to sounds within the body.
Electrocardiograph: Instrument for recording heart beats.
Cardiac resuscitation: Restoration of heart beats (drugs or electrical stimulation).
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): Heart-lung revival, restoring respiration and circulatory function.