Medical Terminology Overview

Medical Terminology Overview

• Presented by Dr. Asmaa Ramadan Abdel-Hamed, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University.
• Lecture material includes topics like prohibitions during lectures, intended learning outcomes, and the cardiovascular system.

Prohibitions During the Lecture

• No cell phone use during class.

Intended Learning Outcomes

• Illustrate the importance of using medical terms.
• List examples of prefixes, suffixes, and roots for medical terms.
• Illustrate the meaning of medical terms.
• Identify directional terms and planes of the body.
• Record scientific terms for various diseases (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, nervous).
• Conduct research presentations and analyze relationships between medical terminology and the healthcare system.
• Analyze, evaluate, and apply medical terminology.
• Categorize different medical terms for various diseases.
• Work effectively in teams.
• Use technology tools.

Cardiovascular System

• Function: Blood circulation throughout the body.
• Components: Heart and blood vessels.
• Action: Continuous circuit that delivers oxygen and nutrients and carries waste.
• Location: Slightly to the left of the center of the body; positioned between the right and left lungs with the left lung slightly smaller to accommodate the heart in the left chest.

Cardiovascular System: Heart Wall Structure

• Composed of three layers:
  • Endocardium: Thin inner layer covering heart chambers and valves.
  • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer of the heart wall.
  • Epicardium: Thin outer layer of the heart wall.

Cardiovascular System: Pericardium

• Fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
• Provides lubrication for heart movement.
• Stabilizes heart position within the chest cavity.
• Protects the heart from infection.

Cardiovascular System: Parts of the Heart

• Atria: Two upper receiving chambers.
• Ventricles: Two lower pumping chambers.
• Septum: Division between chambers (interatrial and interventricular).
• Valves:
  • Tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle.
  • Mitral(Bicuspid) valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle.

Cardiovascular System: Circuits

• Pulmonary circuit: Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs for oxygenation.
• Systemic circuit: Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Diagnostic Terms

• Cardiac arrest: Cessation of effective heart action.
• Endocarditis: Inflammation of the heart wall lining.
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the heart's covering membrane.
• Cardiac arrhythmias: Irregular heart action, including rhythm disturbances.
• Atherosclerosis: Development of fatty patches in arteries, leading to narrowing and hardening.
• Ischemic heart disease: Markedly reduced blood supply to the heart muscle.
• Myocardial infarction: Localized necrosis (tissue death) due to coronary artery blockage.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Diagnostic Terms (cont'd)

• Hypertension: Pathological elevation of blood pressure.
• Thrombosis: Blood clot formation within a blood vessel.
• Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Symptomatic Terms

• Tachycardia: Rapid heart beats.
• Bradycardia: Slow heart beats.
• Angina pectoris: Feeling of constriction around the heart or pain radiating to the left arm or shoulder, often caused by exertion.
• Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of the vascular lumen.
• Vasodilation: Widening of the vascular lumen.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Procedure Terms

• Sphygmomanometer: Instrument for measuring blood pressure.
• Stethoscope: Instrument for listening to sounds within the body.
• Electrocardiograph: Instrument for recording heart beats.
• Cardiac resuscitation: Restoration of heart beats (drugs or electrical stimulation).
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): Heart-lung revival, restoring respiration and circulatory function.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Operative Terms

• Thrombectomy: Removal of a thrombus (blood clot).
• Embolectomy: Removal of an embolus.