Questions and Answers
What structure surrounds the heart and serves as a protective sac?
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
What is the term for the contraction of the heart muscle?
Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure exceeding 160/95 mmHg?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of blood vessel supplies blood to the heart muscle itself?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of antiarrhythmic drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the medical term for the air sacs in the lungs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the difficulty or discomfort in breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pharynx along with fever and difficulty swallowing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes a drug that suppresses the cough reflex?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition results in the acute infection of the alveolar spaces of the lung?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of gastritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms means difficulty or painful swallowing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of excretion in the context of the gastrointestinal tract?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by shortness of breath due to damaged air sacs in the lungs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the elimination of waste materials from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System (CVS)
-
Terms and Definitions:
- Card-: refers to the heart.
- Myo-: denotes muscle.
- Myocardium: heart muscle.
- Pericardium: sac surrounding the heart.
- Endocardium: endothelial lining of the heart.
-
Heart Chambers:
- Atrium: upper chambers; right atrium receives blood from systemic veins, left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins.
- Ventricle: lower chambers with thick muscular walls.
-
Major Blood Vessels:
- Aorta: main artery arising from the left ventricle.
- Pulmonary Artery: conveys deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
- Pulmonary Vein: carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
- Coronary Vessels: supply blood to the heart muscle.
-
Valves:
- Aortic Valve: between left ventricle and aorta.
- Tricuspid Valve: between right atrium and right ventricle.
- Mitral Valve: between left atrium and left ventricle.
-
Cardiac Function:
- Systole: contraction phase of the heart.
- Diastole: relaxation phase of the heart.
- Cardiac Output: volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute.
-
Conditions:
- Hypertension: high blood pressure (>160/95 mmHg).
- Hypotension: low blood pressure (<100/50 mmHg).
- Haematoma: blood collection in tissues.
-
Diagnostic and Treatment Terms:
- Electrocardiograph (ECG): assesses electrical changes in heart action.
- Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart muscle.
- Valve Stenosis: narrowing of cardiac valves.
- Antiarrhythmic Drugs: used to treat irregular heartbeats.
- Antianginal Drugs: prescribed for angina pectoris.
- Hyperlipidemia: elevated blood lipids like cholesterol.
Respiratory System
-
Key Terms:
- Rhin-: nose.
- Thorac-: chest.
- Pulm-: lung.
- Pneum-: air.
-
Breathing Process:
- Ventilation: air passage to the bronchi.
- Inspiration: air intake into lungs.
- Expiration: air expulsion from lungs.
-
Conditions and Symptoms:
- Asphyxia: failure of breathing.
- Apnoea: absence of breathing.
- Dyspnoea: discomfort in breathing.
- Hyperventilation: increased breathing rate.
-
Sputum and Infections:
- Sputum: bronchial secretions.
- Rhinitis: inflammation of nasal membranes.
- Pharyngitis: inflammation of the pharynx, can cause fever and dysphagia.
- Bronchial Asthma: reversible airway obstruction.
- Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tree.
- Pneumonia: acute lung infection.
- Emphysema: lung condition causing breathlessness due to alveoli damage.
-
Medications:
- Decongestant: treats mucus membrane congestion.
- Expectorant: aids in the expulsion of mucus.
- Antitussive: suppresses cough reflex.
- Mucolytic: dissolves thick sputum.
Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)
-
Digestive Process:
- Pepsia: digestion of food into absorbable molecules.
- Absorption: movement of digested food into the bloodstream.
- Excretion: removal of waste from the body.
-
Key Terms:
- Gastro-: relates to the stomach.
- Hepatic: associated with the liver.
- Chole-: refers to bile.
- Cholecyst-: indicates gall bladder.
-
Common Conditions:
- Gingivitis: gum inflammation.
- Xerostomia: dry mouth.
- Stomatitis: mouth inflammation.
- Glossitis: tongue inflammation.
-
Symptoms and Disorders:
- Anorexia: reduced appetite.
- Dysphagia: challenges in swallowing.
- Nausea: sensation of needing to vomit.
- Gastric Reflux: return of stomach contents to the esophagus.
- Flatulence: gas accumulation leading to bloating.
-
Diseases:
- Gastritis: inflammation of stomach lining.
- Peptic Ulcer: ulcer in stomach/duodenum from acid exposure.
- Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix leading to potential peritonitis.
- Peritonitis: inflammation of peritoneal lining.
- Pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas.
-
Bowel Movement Disorders:
- Diarrhea: increased stool volume or frequency.
- Constipation: difficulty or infrequent stool passage.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential medical terminology related to the cardiovascular system as presented in Lecture 4 for the Nursing Department. Learn about the key components such as myocardium, pericardium, and the structure of the heart chambers. Test your understanding of these crucial concepts in medical language.
