Medical Terminology Chapter 7: Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Carries blood from the lungs to the heart

Carries oxygenated blood to the body

Helps in gas exchange in the lungs

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

What is inhalation?

To breathe air into the lungs.

What is exhalation?

To breathe air out of the lungs.

Define external respiration.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Define internal respiration.

The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at the cellular level. Signup and view all the answers

What is ventilation?

The movement of air in and out of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of oxygen (O2)?

It is necessary for cells to make energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is carbon dioxide?

A waste product of cellular energy production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory rate?

The vital sign that measures breaths per minute. Signup and view all the answers

A newborn typically has a respiratory rate of ______ breaths per minute.

30-60 Signup and view all the answers

A 1 year old typically has a respiratory rate of ______ breaths per minute.

18-30 Signup and view all the answers

A 16 year old typically has a respiratory rate of ______ breaths per minute.

16-20 Signup and view all the answers

An adult typically has a respiratory rate of ______ breaths per minute.

12-20 Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchitis?

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Signup and view all the answers

What is a bronchoscope?

An instrument to view inside a bronchus. Signup and view all the answers

What does an oximeter measure?

Oxygen levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is anoxia?

Lack of oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoxemia?

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoxia?

Absence of oxygen in the tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Define pleurocentesis.

A puncture of the pleura to withdraw fluid from the thoracic cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulmonologist?

A physician specialized in treating respiratory diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is rhinoplasty?

Plastic surgery of the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates cyanosis?

Slightly bluish color of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is apnea?

The condition of not breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What is tachypnea?

Rapid breathing rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumonia?

Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A progressive condition with diminished lung capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is supplemental oxygen therapy?

Providing additional oxygen to improve oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is a bronchodilator?

Medication that relaxes muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoventilation?

Breathing too slow and too shallow. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pulmonary Circulation

Pulmonary Artery: Major vessel transporting deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

Breathing Mechanics

Inhalation: Process of drawing air into the lungs, also known as inspiration.
Exhalation: Act of releasing air from the lungs, referred to as expiration.
Ventilation: General movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Gas Exchange

External Respiration: Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs; crucial for the perfusion process.
Internal Respiration: Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at the cellular level, where blood delivers oxygen to tissues.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen (O2): Essential for cellular energy production, absorbed by blood in lung air sacs.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Waste product of metabolism, removed from cells by the blood and expelled by the lungs.

Vital Signs

Respiratory Rate: Measurement of breaths per minute, indicative of respiratory function.
Newborn Respiratory Rate: 30-60 breaths/min.
1-Year-Old Rate: 18-30 breaths/min.
16-Year-Old Rate: 16-20 breaths/min.
Adult Rate: 12-20 breaths/min.

Respiratory Conditions

Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often occurring after viral infections.
Asthma: Condition leading to bronchial constriction and breathing difficulties, often triggered by allergens, treated with inhalers.
Emphysema: Lung disease characterized by alveolar wall destruction, often linked to smoking.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Progressive condition limiting airflow, often resulting from asthma or emphysema.
Pneumonia: Lung inflammation due to infection, causing fluid in alveoli and symptoms of hypoxia.

Diagnostic and Treatment Tools

Bronchoscope: Tool used to visualize the bronchial tubes.
Oximeter: Device measuring blood oxygen levels; normal values are around 100%.
Ventilator: Equipment providing mechanical breathing support for patients unable to breathe adequately.

Abnormal Breathing Patterns

Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
Tachypnea: Rapid breathing rate.
Bradypnea: Slow breathing.
Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.
Orthopnea: Discomfort in breathing while lying flat, requiring the patient to sit upright.

Physical Symptoms

Cyanosis: Bluish skin color from oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess.
Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood.

Surgical and Emergency Procedures

Pleurocentesis: Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural cavity for diagnostic purposes.
Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of an opening in the trachea to facilitate breathing, particularly in emergencies.

Anatomical Structures

Nasal Septum: Structure dividing the nasal cavity.
Nares: External openings (nostrils) of the nasal cavity.
Cilia: Hair-like structures in the nasal cavity and airways aiding in trapping pathogens.

Medications

Antihistamines: Block histamine effects to alleviate allergic reactions.
Bronchodilators: Medications relaxing bronchial muscles, commonly used for asthma management.
Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation within the respiratory tract.

Pathology and Conditions

Pneumothorax: Presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.
Aspiration: Inhalation of food or foreign objects into the airways, or withdrawing fluid from a cavity for diagnosis.
Croup: Pediatric respiratory condition presenting with barky cough and stridor.

Important Respiratory Terms

Rales: Abnormal, crackling lung sounds indicating moisture in the airways.
Rhonchi: Musical sounds during breathing, associated with bronchial spasms.
Stridor: High-pitched sound indicating airway obstruction, often seen in croup cases.

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Test your knowledge of key terms related to the respiratory system in Medical Terminology Chapter 7. This quiz covers important vocabulary such as pulmonary artery, inhalation, and exhalation. Perfect for students studying health sciences or preparing for exams.