Medical Terminology Flashcards

Digestive System Terms

• cholangi/o: Refers to the bile duct, integral for transporting bile from the liver.
• chol/o: Relates to bile or gall, critical for digestion and absorption of fats.
• col/o: Denotes the colon, part of the large intestine, involved in water absorption and feces formation.
• an/o: Pertains to the anus, the terminal end of the digestive tract.
• enter/o: Refers to the intestine, encompassing both the small and large intestines.
• duoden/o: Indicates the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, where much chemical digestion occurs.
• choledoch/o: Refers to the common bile duct, which transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
• cholecyst/o: Pertains to the gallbladder, the organ that stores bile produced by the liver.
• gloss/o: Relates to the tongue, essential for taste sensation and aiding in digestion.
• gastro/o: Refers to the stomach, where food is mixed with gastric juices for digestion.

Upper Digestive Tract

• esophag/o: Refers to the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
• epiglott/o: Denotes the epiglottis, a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Excretory and Endocrine System Terms

• azot/o: Refers to urea, a waste product formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
• jejun/o: Indicates the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine, responsible for nutrient absorption.
• ile/o: Pertains to the ileum, the final part of the small intestine, which connects to the large intestine.
• hepat/o: Refers to the liver, playing a vital role in metabolism and detoxification.
• pharyng/o: Denotes the throat, a passageway for food and air.

Urinary System Terms

• cyst/o: Refers to the urinary bladder, the organ that stores urine before excretion.
• peritone/o: Pertains to the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs.
• nephr/o: Indicates the kidney, essential for filtering blood and producing urine.
• pyel/o: Refers to the renal pelvis, the central section of the kidney where urine collects.

Endocrine System Terms

• endocrin/o: Relates to endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• adren/o: Pertains to the adrenal glands, which produce hormones involved in stress response.
• aden/o: Refers to glands, organs that produce secretions, including hormones and enzymes.
• pancreat/o: Indicates the pancreas, which plays roles in digestion and blood sugar regulation.
• hypophys/o: Refers to the pituitary gland, often called the "master gland" due to its role in regulating various endocrine functions.

Other Relevant Terms

• troph/o: Refers to nourishment or development, integral in biological growth.
• sial/o: Relates to saliva, which aids in digestion and keeps the mouth moist.
• hidr/o: Pertains to sweat, a bodily fluid involved in thermoregulation and waste removal.
• odont/o: Refers to teeth, essential for mechanical digestion of food.