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Questions and Answers
What is the normal capacity range of bile stored in the gallbladder?
Which duct directly connects the gallbladder to the bile duct?
What is the primary cause of cholelithiasis (gallstone formation)?
Which diagnostic procedure is most useful for visualizing the biliary tree and detecting obstructions?
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What is the surgical removal of the gallbladder called?
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Which symptom of pancreatitis is characterized by fatty, foul-smelling stool?
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Which medication is used to remove excess fluid in SIADH?
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What is the main symptom of diabetes insipidus?
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Which hormone is decreased in diabetes insipidus?
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Which of the following is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
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What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?
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Hypothyroidism is characterized by:
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Study Notes
Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
- The gallbladder is shaped like an oval.
- It can store 30-50 mL of bile.
- The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the bile duct.
Cholelithiasis
- It is the formation of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
- Causes include stasis of bile.
- 10-20% of women aged 20-55 years may experience cholelithiasis.
Diagnosis and Management
- ERCP is a diagnostic procedure that can visualize the biliary tree to detect obstructions.
- Cholecystectomy is the management option that involves the removal of the gallbladder.
Pancreatitis
- It is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.
- Symptoms include steatorrhea (fatty, foul-smelling stool).
Pancreatic Cancer
- CT is the most useful imaging technique in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
SIADH
- It is characterized by an increase in ADH.
- The main cause is hypothalamic damage.
- Furosemide is a medication used to remove excess fluid in SIADH.
Diabetes Insipidus
- It is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia.
- The main symptom is the production of large amounts of dilute urine.
- It is caused by a decrease in ADH.
Thyroid Gland
- Hyperthyroidism is characterized by heat intolerance.
- Treatment includes radioactive iodine therapy.
- Hypothyroidism is characterized by low production of thyroid hormones.
- Treatment includes thyroid hormone replacement.
Parathyroid Gland
- Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by low secretion of PTH.
- Signs include Trousseau's sign.
- Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by high secretion of PTH.
- Treatment includes bisphosphonates to decrease calcium levels.
Adrenal Gland
- Pheochromocytoma arises from the adrenal medulla.
- Diagnostic tests include plasma catecholamines.
- Addison's disease results from autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex.
- Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excessive cortisol production.
- Treatment includes adrenalectomy for adrenal adenoma.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the gallbladder with this 50-item quiz covering topics such as shape, bile capacity, duct connections, and conditions like cholelithiasis.
