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Questions and Answers
Which device is used for listening to sounds within the body?
Which device is used for listening to sounds within the body?
What term describes a disease affecting many people in a given region at the same time?
What term describes a disease affecting many people in a given region at the same time?
What is the appropriate solvent in an aqueous solution?
What is the appropriate solvent in an aqueous solution?
Which of the following terms describes a disease prevalent throughout an entire region or the world?
Which of the following terms describes a disease prevalent throughout an entire region or the world?
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What does phagocytosis refer to?
What does phagocytosis refer to?
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A disease that has a sudden and severe onset is described as?
A disease that has a sudden and severe onset is described as?
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The term used to describe abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue is?
The term used to describe abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue is?
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The sum of all body defenses against infectious disease is termed?
The sum of all body defenses against infectious disease is termed?
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What is the process called when white blood cells engulf foreign organisms?
What is the process called when white blood cells engulf foreign organisms?
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Which of the following best defines a disease?
Which of the following best defines a disease?
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What category does a disease with gradual progression fall under?
What category does a disease with gradual progression fall under?
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Which term refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate infections?
Which term refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate infections?
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Which of the following is NOT a major category of diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a major category of diseases?
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What type of diseases are characterized by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue?
What type of diseases are characterized by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a degenerative disease?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a degenerative disease?
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What can result from the wear and tear, aging, or trauma leading to tissue damage?
What can result from the wear and tear, aging, or trauma leading to tissue damage?
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Which type of disorder involves the immune system making antibodies to its own tissues?
Which type of disorder involves the immune system making antibodies to its own tissues?
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Metabolic disorders often result from a deficiency of which of the following?
Metabolic disorders often result from a deficiency of which of the following?
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Which of the following is considered an infectious disease?
Which of the following is considered an infectious disease?
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Which of the following disorders is associated with failures of the immune system?
Which of the following disorders is associated with failures of the immune system?
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Which category of diseases results from structural malformations?
Which category of diseases results from structural malformations?
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Which type of condition involves hereditary factors affecting cellular functions?
Which type of condition involves hereditary factors affecting cellular functions?
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Which of the following best describes pathogens?
Which of the following best describes pathogens?
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What is the primary cause of hormonal disorders?
What is the primary cause of hormonal disorders?
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Which term describes a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world?
Which term describes a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world?
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What does 'malignant' refer to in the context of diseases?
What does 'malignant' refer to in the context of diseases?
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What is the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness called?
What is the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness called?
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Which term is used to describe excessive growth of normal cells in their normal arrangement?
Which term is used to describe excessive growth of normal cells in their normal arrangement?
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Which of the following correctly defines 'sepsis'?
Which of the following correctly defines 'sepsis'?
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What does the suffix '-megaly' refer to?
What does the suffix '-megaly' refer to?
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What type of therapy focuses on the use of chemicals in cancer treatment?
What type of therapy focuses on the use of chemicals in cancer treatment?
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Which prefix indicates a rapid condition?
Which prefix indicates a rapid condition?
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What is the definition of 'edema'?
What is the definition of 'edema'?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology: Disease and Treatment
- Learning Objectives: Define basic terms related to disease and treatment, list major disease categories, identify main medical terminology related to disease and treatment, and interpret abbreviations and terms.
- Disease Definition: A disease is any disorder of normal body function. Diseases can be categorized into various types
- Acute Disease: Sudden, severe, and characterized by a short course.
- Chronic Disease: Of long duration and progressing slowly.
- Etiology: The cause of a disease.
- Immunity: All defenses against infectious disease.
- Pathogen: An organism capable of causing disease.
- Microorganism: An organism too small to be seen without a microscope.
- Phagocytosis: The ingestion of organisms (like bacteria) by a cell to destroy them.
- Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue.
- Malignant: Growing worse, harmful, and tending to cause death, often describing an invasive tumor.
Types of Diseases
- Infectious Diseases: Caused by harmful microorganisms or parasites.
- Degenerative Diseases: Caused by wear and tear, aging, or trauma, leading to tissue damage or necrosis.
- Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth.
- Immune Disorders: Failures of the immune system, including allergies and autoimmune diseases.
- Metabolic Disorders: Caused by lack of enzymes or factors needed for cellular functions; often hereditary.
- Hormonal Disorders: Caused by under or overproduction of hormones.
- Mental and Emotional Disorders: Affecting the mind.
Key Terms (Diagnosis and Treatment)
- Diagnosis: Determining the cause and nature of an illness.
- Surgery: Treating disease or injury with manual operations.
- Therapy: The treatment or intervention
- Anesthesia: Loss of feeling, often from drug administration.
- Chemotherapy: Treatment with chemicals, often for cancer.
- Immunotherapy: Treatment affecting the immune system.
- Contraindication: A factor that makes a drug's use undesirable or dangerous.
- Vital Signs: Measurements reflecting basic functions for life.
- Symptoms: Evidence of disease; can include pain, dizziness.
- Inspection: Visual examination of the body.
- Palpation: Examining by touch, to feel texture, temperature, movement.
- Auscultation: Listening for sounds within the body, often using a stethoscope.
- Stethoscope: Instrument for listening to internal sounds.
- Endoscope: Instrument for examining the interior of an organ or body cavity.
Key Terms (Disease Categories)
- Endemics: Occurring at a low but continuous level in a region.
- Epidemics: Affecting many in a region at the same time.
- Pandemics: Prevalent throughout an entire region or world.
- Nosocomial: An infection acquired in a hospital.
- Systemic Disease: Pertains to the whole body.
- Edema: Accumulation of fluid in tissues, causing swelling.
- Pus: Product of inflammation, consisting of fluid and white blood cells.
- Sepsis: Presence of harmful microorganisms or toxins in blood or tissues.
Key Terms: Word Parts per Medical Term
- -tropic: Acting on something (i.e., psychotropic: acting on the mind)
- anti-: Against (i.e., antiemetic: against vomiting)
- contra-: Against, opposite (i.e., contraceptive: preventing conception)
- hypn/o: sleep.
- **pyr/o, pyret/o: ** fever (i.e., antipyretic: counteracting fever)
- vas/o: vessel (i.e., vasodilation: widening of a vessel)
Key Terms: Words for Disease Used as Suffixes
- -dilation: Expansion, widening.
- -edema: Accumulation of fluid, swelling.
- -necrosis: Death of tissue.
- -spasm: Sudden contraction, cramp.
- -stenosis: Narrowing, constriction.
- -toxin: Poison.
Key Terms: Prefixes
- dys-: Abnormal, painful, difficult (e.g., dysphagia = difficult swallowing)
- mal-: Bad, poor (e.g., malabsorption = poor absorption)
- tachy-: Rapid (e.g., tachycardia = rapid heartbeat)
- xero-: Dry (e.g., xeroderma = dry skin)
- -megaly: Enlargement (e.g., hepatomegaly = enlarged liver)
- -pathy: Any disease of (e.g., nephropathy = disease of the kidney)
Test Your Knowledge (sample questions)
- Determination of a disease's cause is called... (diagnosis)
- A listening device within the body is called.. (stethoscope)
- A reason for not using a specific drug is called... (contraindication)
Definitions of Medical Terms (as found in the slides)
- hyperplasia: excessive growth of normal cells (with normal arrangement)
- hormonal disorders: Issues related to the underproduction or overproduction of hormones.
- phagocytosis: engulfment of foreign organisms by white blood cells
- gangrene: Death of tissue, most often due to lack of blood supply.
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Description
This quiz covers essential medical terminology related to diseases and their treatments. It includes definitions, disease categories, and interpretations of relevant abbreviations. Enhance your understanding of key concepts like etiology, immunity, and different types of diseases.
