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Questions and Answers
What are the key components of medical terminology?
What are the key components of medical terminology?
Medical terminology consists of root words, prefixes, and suffixes.
Define congenital diseases and give an example.
Define congenital diseases and give an example.
Congenital diseases are structural or functional anomalies present at birth, such as cleft lip.
What distinguishes acquired diseases from congenital diseases?
What distinguishes acquired diseases from congenital diseases?
Acquired diseases develop after birth, while congenital diseases are present at birth.
Explain neoplastic diseases and the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
Explain neoplastic diseases and the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
What characterizes inflammatory diseases and their types?
What characterizes inflammatory diseases and their types?
What are some common symptoms of acute inflammation?
What are some common symptoms of acute inflammation?
List two examples of congenital diseases.
List two examples of congenital diseases.
What is the significance of understanding the classification of diseases?
What is the significance of understanding the classification of diseases?
What is the definition of disease in pathology?
What is the definition of disease in pathology?
How does epidemiology contribute to public health?
How does epidemiology contribute to public health?
Define etiology in the context of pathology.
Define etiology in the context of pathology.
What distinguishes acute disease from chronic disease?
What distinguishes acute disease from chronic disease?
What is the role of prognosis in medical care?
What is the role of prognosis in medical care?
Explain the concept of syndrome in pathology.
Explain the concept of syndrome in pathology.
How does diagnosis factor into the treatment process?
How does diagnosis factor into the treatment process?
Differentiate between morbidity and mortality.
Differentiate between morbidity and mortality.
What is metaplasia, and how does it differ from dysplasia?
What is metaplasia, and how does it differ from dysplasia?
What types of stimuli are responsible for metaplasia and dysplasia?
What types of stimuli are responsible for metaplasia and dysplasia?
Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible, and what implications does this have for pathologies?
Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible, and what implications does this have for pathologies?
How does dysplasia contribute to the risk of cancer development?
How does dysplasia contribute to the risk of cancer development?
What cellular changes characterize metaplasia and dysplasia?
What cellular changes characterize metaplasia and dysplasia?
What can happen when the immune system is over-stimulated constantly?
What can happen when the immune system is over-stimulated constantly?
List one example of a physical etiology.
List one example of a physical etiology.
What characterizes a nosocomial condition?
What characterizes a nosocomial condition?
Provide an example of a microbiological etiology.
Provide an example of a microbiological etiology.
What is meant by 'idiopathic' in the context of etiology?
What is meant by 'idiopathic' in the context of etiology?
What kind of conditions fall under vascular etiology?
What kind of conditions fall under vascular etiology?
Name one example of iatrogenic etiology.
Name one example of iatrogenic etiology.
Explain the role of chemical agents in etiology.
Explain the role of chemical agents in etiology.
What are some metabolic changes that can lead to diseases?
What are some metabolic changes that can lead to diseases?
Identify one systemic autoimmune disease included in immunological etiology.
Identify one systemic autoimmune disease included in immunological etiology.
What is the primary disease and how does it differ from a secondary disease?
What is the primary disease and how does it differ from a secondary disease?
Define acute and chronic diseases and give an example of each.
Define acute and chronic diseases and give an example of each.
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
What is an eponymous disease? Provide an example.
What is an eponymous disease? Provide an example.
Explain what a syndrome is in the context of disease classification.
Explain what a syndrome is in the context of disease classification.
What does it mean for a disease to be iatrogenic?
What does it mean for a disease to be iatrogenic?
Describe the concept of atrophy and its implications on health.
Describe the concept of atrophy and its implications on health.
What is metaplasia and how does it affect tissue structure?
What is metaplasia and how does it affect tissue structure?
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Study Notes
Terminology in Pathology
- Disease: Abnormal conditions affecting an organism's structure and function.
- Epidemiology: Study of diseases and how to control and prevent them.
- Etiology: Study of the cause of diseases.
- Syndrome: A collection of signs and symptoms indicating a disease.
- Manifestation: A condition extending from the primary illness.
- Diagnosis: Identifying a disease involving signs, symptoms, and examination results.
- Prognosis: Estimating the future of a patient's health.
- Treatment: Procedures performed after diagnosis to cure the patient.
- Morbidity: Prevalence of a disease in a population.
- Mortality: Number of deaths due to a specific illness.
Prefix, Roots, Suffix
- Medical terms have a root word.
- Prefixes describe location, direction, quantity, size, or color.
- Suffixes refer to procedures, conditions, disorders, or tests.
Classification of Disease
- Congenital Disease: Structural or functional anomalies occurring during pregnancy.
- Acquired Disease: Diseases developing after birth.
- Neoplastic Disease: Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
- Benign: Tumors that don't spread to other tissues.
- Malignant (Cancer): Tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread.
- Inflammatory Disease: Excess inflammation without a clear cause.
- Acute inflammation: Sudden and temporary inflammation.
- Chronic inflammation: Persistent inflammation lasting months or years.
Etiology
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Categories:*
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Physical: Trauma, extreme temperatures, radiation, electric shock, etc.
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Chemical: Reactions caused by chemical agents.
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Microbiological: Bacteria, viruses.
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Vascular: Blood vessels.
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Immunological: Immune system defense mechanisms.
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Metabolic: Biochemical changes.
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Idiopathic: Unknown causes.
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Iatrogenic: Caused by medical procedures or treatments.
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Nosocomial: Hospital-acquired infections.
Disease Nomenclature
- System for classifying and naming diseases.
- International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a widely used standard.
- Primary Disease: The root cause.
- Secondary Disease: A complication of a primary disease.
- Acute Disease: Progresses and resolves quickly.
- Chronic Disease: Occurs slowly and may develop after an acute stage.
Cell Modification to Disease
- Atrophy: Loss of cells or organs due to degeneration, undernourishment, or disuse.
- Hypertrophy: Increased tissue/organ size due to cell enlargement.
- Hyperplasia: Increased production and growth of cells in a tissue or organ.
- Metaplasia: Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another.
- Dysplasia: Abnormal growth and formation of cells, often associated with cancer potential.
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