Terminology in Pathology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the key components of medical terminology?

Medical terminology consists of root words, prefixes, and suffixes.

Define congenital diseases and give an example.

Congenital diseases are structural or functional anomalies present at birth, such as cleft lip.

What distinguishes acquired diseases from congenital diseases?

Acquired diseases develop after birth, while congenital diseases are present at birth.

Explain neoplastic diseases and the difference between benign and malignant tumors.

<p>Neoplastic diseases, or tumors, involve uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells; benign tumors don't invade other tissues, while malignant tumors can spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes inflammatory diseases and their types?

<p>Inflammatory diseases are marked by excess inflammation; they can be acute, occurring quickly, or chronic, lasting months or years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of acute inflammation?

<p>Common symptoms of acute inflammation include pain, redness, swelling, loss of function, and heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of congenital diseases.

<p>Examples of congenital diseases include congenital heart disease and colorblindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the classification of diseases?

<p>Understanding disease classification aids in diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of disease in pathology?

<p>Disease is an abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure and function of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does epidemiology contribute to public health?

<p>Epidemiology studies epidemic diseases to find ways to control and prevent them in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define etiology in the context of pathology.

<p>Etiology refers to the study of the cause or causative agent of a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute disease from chronic disease?

<p>Acute disease has a rapid onset and short duration, while chronic disease develops slowly and lasts for an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prognosis in medical care?

<p>Prognosis is an estimate of the future health outcomes of a patient, particularly regarding recovery from illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of syndrome in pathology.

<p>A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together, indicating the presence of a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diagnosis factor into the treatment process?

<p>Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease through signs, symptoms, and examination results, guiding subsequent treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between morbidity and mortality.

<p>Morbidity refers to the rate of disease in a population, while mortality is the number of deaths due to a specific illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metaplasia, and how does it differ from dysplasia?

<p>Metaplasia is the transformation of one differentiated cell type into another, while dysplasia is the abnormal transformation of a cell into an abnormal version of itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of stimuli are responsible for metaplasia and dysplasia?

<p>Metaplasia is caused by external stimuli, while dysplasia is typically caused by internal stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible, and what implications does this have for pathologies?

<p>Metaplasia is reversible, which implies that it can resolve if the external stimulus is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dysplasia contribute to the risk of cancer development?

<p>Dysplasia represents abnormal cell growth and is not reversible, making it more likely to lead to cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular changes characterize metaplasia and dysplasia?

<p>Metaplasia involves transformation to a different cell type, while dysplasia involves the formation of abnormal cells from normal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when the immune system is over-stimulated constantly?

<p>It can damage healthy cells, tissues, and organs, causing internal scarring and tissue death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one example of a physical etiology.

<p>Trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a nosocomial condition?

<p>It is an infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a microbiological etiology.

<p>Tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'idiopathic' in the context of etiology?

<p>It refers to diseases with unknown causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of conditions fall under vascular etiology?

<p>Hypertension and stroke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of iatrogenic etiology.

<p>Radiotherapy leading to hair loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of chemical agents in etiology.

<p>They can act as irritants or sensitizers, causing conditions like skin diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some metabolic changes that can lead to diseases?

<p>Heart disease and diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one systemic autoimmune disease included in immunological etiology.

<p>Lupus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disease and how does it differ from a secondary disease?

<p>A primary disease is the root cause and occurs on its own, while a secondary disease is related to and considered a complication of the primary disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define acute and chronic diseases and give an example of each.

<p>Acute diseases progress quickly and respond rapidly, such as colds, while chronic diseases develop slowly over time, like tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Benign tumors remain limited to the original tissue and are rarely harmful, while malignant tumors can spread and are harmful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an eponymous disease? Provide an example.

<p>An eponymous disease is named after a person, such as Graves' disease or Hodgkin’s disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what a syndrome is in the context of disease classification.

<p>A syndrome is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms that must be present to classify a specific disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a disease to be iatrogenic?

<p>Iatrogenic diseases are those caused by medical methods, treatments, surgical errors, or adverse drug reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the concept of atrophy and its implications on health.

<p>Atrophy is the loss of organs or cells due to degeneration, undernourishment, disuse, or aging, leading to a decrease in size of a body part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metaplasia and how does it affect tissue structure?

<p>Metaplasia is the process where one type of tissue transforms into another, which may affect the original tissue’s shape or function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Terminology in Pathology

  • Disease: Abnormal conditions affecting an organism's structure and function.
  • Epidemiology: Study of diseases and how to control and prevent them.
  • Etiology: Study of the cause of diseases.
  • Syndrome: A collection of signs and symptoms indicating a disease.
  • Manifestation: A condition extending from the primary illness.
  • Diagnosis: Identifying a disease involving signs, symptoms, and examination results.
  • Prognosis: Estimating the future of a patient's health.
  • Treatment: Procedures performed after diagnosis to cure the patient.
  • Morbidity: Prevalence of a disease in a population.
  • Mortality: Number of deaths due to a specific illness.

Prefix, Roots, Suffix

  • Medical terms have a root word.
  • Prefixes describe location, direction, quantity, size, or color.
  • Suffixes refer to procedures, conditions, disorders, or tests.

Classification of Disease

  • Congenital Disease: Structural or functional anomalies occurring during pregnancy.
  • Acquired Disease: Diseases developing after birth.
  • Neoplastic Disease: Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
    • Benign: Tumors that don't spread to other tissues.
    • Malignant (Cancer): Tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread.
  • Inflammatory Disease: Excess inflammation without a clear cause.
    • Acute inflammation: Sudden and temporary inflammation.
    • Chronic inflammation: Persistent inflammation lasting months or years.

Etiology

  • Categories:*

  • Physical: Trauma, extreme temperatures, radiation, electric shock, etc.

  • Chemical: Reactions caused by chemical agents.

  • Microbiological: Bacteria, viruses.

  • Vascular: Blood vessels.

  • Immunological: Immune system defense mechanisms.

  • Metabolic: Biochemical changes.

  • Idiopathic: Unknown causes.

  • Iatrogenic: Caused by medical procedures or treatments.

  • Nosocomial: Hospital-acquired infections.

Disease Nomenclature

  • System for classifying and naming diseases.
  • International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a widely used standard.
  • Primary Disease: The root cause.
  • Secondary Disease: A complication of a primary disease.
  • Acute Disease: Progresses and resolves quickly.
  • Chronic Disease: Occurs slowly and may develop after an acute stage.

Cell Modification to Disease

  • Atrophy: Loss of cells or organs due to degeneration, undernourishment, or disuse.
  • Hypertrophy: Increased tissue/organ size due to cell enlargement.
  • Hyperplasia: Increased production and growth of cells in a tissue or organ.
  • Metaplasia: Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another.
  • Dysplasia: Abnormal growth and formation of cells, often associated with cancer potential.

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