Medical Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Medical Terminology Key Terms

• Esophag/o: Refers to the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
• Sial/o: Pertains to saliva, the fluid produced in the salivary glands.
• Dent/o: Indicates a tooth, a hard structure in the mouth used for chewing.
• Gloss/o: Relates to the tongue, the muscular organ in the mouth.
• Or/o: Refers to the mouth, the opening in the face used for eating and speaking.
• Bucc/o: Associated with the cheek, the side of the face below the eyes.
• Cheil/o: Pertains to the lip, the fleshy border of the mouth.
• Gingiv/o: Refers to gums, the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth.
• Gastr/o: Indicates the stomach, the organ for digestion.
• Append/o: Refers to the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine.
• Col/o: Pertains to the colon, part of the large intestine.
• Rect/o: Relates to the rectum, the final section of the large intestine.
• An/o: Means not or without, often used in a medical context.
• Chol/e: Associated with bile or gall, essential for fat digestion.
• Emesis: Refers to vomiting, the act of expelling stomach contents through the mouth.
• Pancreat/o: Pertains to the pancreas, an organ that produces digestive enzymes.
• Iasis: Indicates an abnormal condition, often used in medical terminology.
• Megaly: Refers to enlargement of an organ.
• Orexia: Relates to appetite, the natural desire to eat.
• Pepsia: Indicates digestion, the breakdown of food for absorption.
• Phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing.
• Prandial: Pertains to meals, often used in contexts like postprandial (after meals).
• Rrhea: Indicates flowing discharge, used in various medical conditions.
• Dia: Means through, often used to describe processes or pathways in the body.
• Sub: Refers to under or below, addressing positions or movements.

Surgical Terms

• Gingivectomy: Excision of gum tissue.
• Glossectomy: Partial or complete removal of the tongue.
• Esophagoplasty: Surgical repair of the esophagus.
• Gastrectomy: Removal of part or all of the stomach.
• Gastrojejunostomy: Creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum (part of the small intestine).
• Esophagectomy: Removal of a section of the esophagus.
• Gastroenterocolostomy: Creation of an opening between the stomach, small intestine, and colon.
• Enteroplasty: Surgical repair of the small intestine.
• Enteropexy: Fixation of the small intestine to the abdominal wall.
• Choledochorrhaphy: Suture of the bile duct.
• Colostomy: Creation of an opening into the colon.
• Hepatopexy: Fixation of a movable liver to the abdominal wall.
• Proctoplasty/Rectoplasty: Surgical repair of the anus or rectum.
• Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder.

Conditions and Symptoms

• Duodenitis: Inflammation of the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
• Erythema: Reddening of the skin, often a sign of inflammation.
• Esophageal Varices: Enlarged veins in the esophagus, can lead to serious bleeding.
• Etiology: The study of the causes of diseases.
• Gastric Antrum: Region of the stomach involved in digestion.
• Hematemesis: Vomiting blood, a serious medical condition.
• Lateral Recumbent: Position lying on the left side with the right leg drawn up, commonly used in medical examinations.
• Oximeter: Tool used to measure the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
• Tomography: Imaging technique providing cross-sectional views of the body.
• Video Endoscope: Device allowing visualization of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
• Cholelithiasis: Formation of gallstones in the gallbladder.
• Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix.
• Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Defecate: Process of discharging feces.
• Intermittent: Occurring at irregular intervals, often relating to symptoms or conditions.