Medical Terminology Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What type of cell is a monocyte?

Plasma cell

Platelet

Red blood cell

White blood cell (correct)

What gives rise to many types of blood cells?

Hematopoietic stem cell

What leukocyte produces antibodies?

Lymphocyte

Which leukocyte is associated with allergic reactions?

Eosinophil Signup and view all the answers

What type of leukocyte has neutral-staining granules?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basophils?

Release histamine and heparin Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates erythrocyte production?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What are globulins?

Proteins in plasma Signup and view all the answers

What maintains proper water amount in blood?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What are antibodies made by?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is leukocytopenia?

Low white blood cell count Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the formation of marrow?

Myelopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What is an anticoagulant?

Substance to prolong clotting time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a thrombolytic?

Dissolve blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What does poikilocytosis refer to?

Irregularity in shape Signup and view all the answers

What is erythrocytopenia?

Deficiency in numbers of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is microcytosis?

Increase in number of small cells Signup and view all the answers

What is polycythemia?

Erythremia Signup and view all the answers

What does macrocytosis indicate?

Increase in number of large cells Signup and view all the answers

What does erythropoiesis refer to?

Formation of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is hemolysis?

Destruction of red cells Signup and view all the answers

What is sickle cell anemia?

Abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What does aplastic anemia mean?

Body stops producing new blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is thalassemia?

Inability to produce hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What does CLL stand for?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What does AML stand for?

Acute myelogenous leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What is hemophilia?

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a relapse?

Symptoms of disease return Signup and view all the answers

What does remission mean?

Symptoms of disease disappear Signup and view all the answers

What does purpura mean?

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What is pancytopenia?

Deficiency in all blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What does palliative mean?

Relieving, but not curing Signup and view all the answers

What is eosinophilia?

Increase in number of granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is apheresis?

Separation of blood into its components Signup and view all the answers

What does hematocrit measure?

Percentage of RBC in a volume of blood Signup and view all the answers

What does coagulation time measure?

Ability of venous blood to clot Signup and view all the answers

What does the erythrocyte sedimentation rate measure?

Speed at which erythrocytes settle Signup and view all the answers

What is myeloma?

Cancer of plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is bilirubin?

Orange-yellow pigment in bile Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrinogen?

Plasma protein converted to fibrin Signup and view all the answers

What is leukopheresis?

White blood cells are separated from blood Signup and view all the answers

What is heparin?

Anticoagulant found in blood Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombocytopenia?

Deficiency of clotting cells Signup and view all the answers

What is coagulation?

Process of clotting Signup and view all the answers

What are macrophages?

Large cells that engulf foreign material Signup and view all the answers

What causes pernicious anemia?

Lack of mature red blood cells due to vitamin B12 absorption issue Signup and view all the answers

What does myelogenous mean?

Produced in bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is immunoglobulin?

A protein with antibody activity Signup and view all the answers

What is polycythemia vera?

Increase in red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What does kary/o refer to?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What does myel/o refer to?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does sider/o refer to?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What does -apheresis mean?

Removal Signup and view all the answers

What does -phoresis mean?

Carrying, transmission Signup and view all the answers

What does edema mean?

Swelling Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Cells and Their Functions

Monocyte: White blood cell that acts as a phagocyte and matures into a macrophage, crucial for immune defense.
Lymphocyte: Type of leukocyte produced in lymph tissue; essential for antibody production and adaptive immunity.
Eosinophil: White blood cell with reddish granules; involved in the body's response to allergens and parasitic infections.
Neutrophil: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte originating from bone marrow, responsible for neutralizing bacteria and fungi.
Basophil: White blood cell that releases histamine and heparin, playing a role in inflammatory responses.

Blood Cell Formation and Regulation

Hematopoietic stem cell: A bone marrow cell that can differentiate into various blood cell types.
Erythropoietin: Hormone produced by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Myelopoiesis: The process of forming blood cells in the bone marrow.

Plasma Proteins

Globulins: Plasma proteins categorized into alpha, beta, and gamma types, involved in transport and immune functions.
Albumin: Key plasma protein that maintains oncotic pressure and proper fluid balance in the bloodstream.
Fibrinogen: Plasma protein that converts to fibrin during the clotting process.

Blood Cell Disorders and Conditions

Leukocytopenia: A condition characterized by a low white blood cell count that can impair immune function.
Erythrocytopenia: A deficiency in red blood cell numbers, leading to potential anemia.
Polycythemia: An increase in red blood cells, often resulting in thicker blood and increased risk of clotting.
Sickle cell anemia: Genetic disorder causing abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow.
Aplastic anemia: Severe condition where the body stops producing new blood cells, leading to severe fatigue and increased infection risk.
Thalassemia: Genetic disorder resulting in impaired hemoglobin production.

Anticoagulant: Substances that delay or prevent blood clotting, essential for managing certain medical conditions.
Thrombolytic: Agents that dissolve existing blood clots, used in treating thrombotic conditions.
Hemophilia: Genetic disorder characterized by excessive bleeding due to a deficiency in clotting proteins.

Clinical Terms and Diagnostics

Pancytopenia: Deficiency of all types of blood cells, indicating potential bone marrow failure.
Coagulation: The process of blood clotting, vital for stopping bleeding.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Test measuring the rate at which red blood cells settle in plasma; indicates inflammation or disease.
Hematocrit: Measures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, important for assessing anemia.
Leukopheresis: Procedure that separates white blood cells from blood, used in certain treatments.

Additional Terms

Macrocytosis: Increase in larger-than-normal red blood cells, commonly associated with specific types of anemia.
Microcytosis: Presence of smaller-than-normal red blood cells, often linked to iron deficiency anemia.
Immunoglobulin: Proteins that function as antibodies to identify and neutralize pathogens.
Apheresis: A medical procedure that involves the separation of blood into its components for treatment or donation.
Purpura: Condition marked by pinpoint hemorrhages causing purple spots on the skin, signaling bleeding disorders.
Edema: General term for swelling caused by fluid accumulation in body tissues.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 13 of Medical Terminology. Focus on the various types of blood cells and their functions, enhancing your understanding of hematology and immunology. Ideal for students in healthcare-related fields.