Medical Terminology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of a suffix in medical terminology?

  • It usually indicates a profession or condition. (correct)
  • It combines with the word root to form a compound word.
  • It is always found at the beginning of a word.
  • It alters the meaning of the word root by indicating location.

    • Which of the following examples correctly illustrates a compound term?

  • Hepato + logy = Hepatology
  • Gastro + logy = Gastrology
  • Neur/o + therapy = Neurotherapy (correct)
  • Stomato + stomy = Stomatostomy

    • How is a compound word formed in medical terminology?

  • By adding a suffix only.
  • By using an abbreviation of a medical term.
  • By combining prefixes with suffixes.
  • By merging two word roots or a word root and a combining vowel. (correct)

    • What does the prefix 'neuro-' indicate in medical terms?

    <p>Relating to the brain or nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a word root representing an organ?

    <p>Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'dys-' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Faulty or difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a false pregnancy?

    <p>Pseudocyesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-oma' is commonly associated with what?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hemolysis' refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Destruction of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the prefix 'contra-' in medical terminology?

    <p>Against</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plural form of 'coccus'?

    <p>Cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix means 'around'?

    <p>Circum-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anatomical directional terms, what term is used to describe something located towards the front of the body?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

    <p>Sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a medical agent that works against fever?

    <p>Antipyretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a prefix that means 'middle'?

    <p>Meso-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a distance descriptor meaning 'closer to the trunk of the body'?

    <p>Proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color prefix refers to 'blue'?

    <p>Cyano-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Word Building Components

    • Medical terms are constructed from word roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
    • Word roots represent the core meaning of a term.
    • Prefixes are added at the beginning of a word and modify its meaning.
    • Suffixes are added at the end of a word and change its grammatical function (e.g., noun, adjective).

    Major Organ Word Roots

    • Stomato: Mouth
    • Dento: Teeth
    • Gingiva: Gums
    • Glosso/linguo: Tongue
    • Nephro/reno: Kidney
    • Encephalo: Brain
    • Hepato: Liver
    • Gastro: Stomach
    • Entero: Intestine

    Compound Word and Compound Term

    • Compound words are formed by combining two independent words, example: Chickenpox.
    • Compound terms are constructed by combining a word root with a combining vowel and another word root, example: gastroscope.

    Suffix Examples

    • -ist: Suffix used to create a noun, denotes a person, example: dentist.
    • -ic: Suffix used to create an adjective, example: anemic.

    Singular and Plural Forms

    • Sarcoma: Singular form; Sarcomata: Plural form.
    • Diagnosis: Singular form; Diagnoses: Plural form.
    • Phalanx: Singular form; Phalanges: Plural form.
    • Coccus: Singular form; Cocci: Plural form.
    • Vertex: Singular form; Vertices: Plural form.
    • Cervix: Singular form; Cervices: Plural form.

    Prefixes of Position

    • Circum-: Around
    • Peri-: Around
    • Meta-: Beyond, after
    • Retro-: Behind
    • Ultra-: Beyond, in excess
    • Meso-: Middle

    Body Planes

    • Coronal: A vertical cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves.
    • Sagittal: A vertical cut that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

    Directional Terms

    • Medial (medi/o): Towards the middle.
    • Lateral (later/o): Towards the side.
    • Anterior (anter/o): Front of the body.
    • Posterior (poster/o): Back of the body.

    Combined Directional Terms

    • Anterolateral: Front and side
    • Anteromedial: Front and middle
    • Anterosuperior: Front and top
    • Posterolateral: Back and side
    • Posterolateral: Back and side
    • Posteroexternal: Back and outside of the body
    • Posterointernal: Back and inside of the body

    Distance and Direction

    • Proximal: Closer to the point of origin or attachment.
    • Distal: Further from the point of origin or attachment.
    • Mediolateral: Middle and side
    • Superolateral: Above and to the side

    Numerical Prefixes

    • Hemi- / Semi-: Half
    • Mono- / Uni-: One
    • Prot- / Prim-: First
    • Di(plo)- / Bi-: Two
    • Tri-: Three
    • Tetra- / Quadr-: Four
    • Penta- / Quint-: Five

    Prefixes of Color

    • Leuko-: White
    • Erythro-: Red
    • Cyano-: Blue
    • Melano-: Black
    • Xantho-: Yellow
    • Chloro-: Green
    • Chromo-: Colored

    Prefixes: Anti & Contra

    • Anti-: Against, example: Antipyretic (against fever).
    • Contra-: Against, example: Contraindication (against indication).

    Prefix: Dys

    • Dys-: Painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, or abnormal.
    • Dysphagia: Difficult swallowing
    • Dyspepsia: Indigestion
    • Dyspnea: Difficult breathing
    • Dysuria: Difficult urination

    Prefix: Pseudo

    • Pseudo-: False
    • Pseudocyesis: False pregnancy
    • Pseudocyst: A false cyst

    Prefix: Auto

    • Auto-: Self
    • Autolysis: Self-destruction
    • Autoimmunity: Reaction of immune response to one’s own tissues
    • Alg-, algi-: Pain, example: Myalgia (muscle pain).
    • Carcin-: Cancer, example: Carcinogen (a cancer-causing agent).
    • Onc/o-: Tumor, example: Oncogene (a gene that promotes tumor growth).
    • Lith-: Stone, example: Lithiasis (formation of stones).
    • Path/o-: Disease, example: Pathogen (a disease-causing organism).
    • Py/o-: Pus, example: Pyogenic (producing pus).
    • Pyr/o-: Fever, fire, example: Pyretic (feverish).
    • Scler/o-: Hard, example: Sclerosis (hardening).
    • Tox/o-: Poison, example: Exotoxin (a toxin released by bacteria).

    Prefixes & Suffixes Related to Disease

    • Mal-: Bad, example: Malabsorption (poor absorption).
    • Xero-: Dry, example: Xerosis (dryness).
    • Pachy-: Thick, example: Pachyemia (thickening of the blood).
    • -oma: Tumor, example: Blastoma (tumor arising from embryonic cells).
    • -rhage: Flow, example: Hemorrhage (bleeding).
    • -rhea: Flow, example: Rhinorrhea (runny nose).
    • -edema: Swelling, example: Lymphedema (swelling due to lymphatic fluid buildup).
    • -lysis: Dissolving, destruction, example: Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).
    • -malacia: Softening, example: Tracheomalacia (softening of the trachea).
    • -necrosis: Death of, example: Osteonecrosis (death of bone tissue).
    • -spasm: Cramp, sudden contraction, example: Bronchospasm (spasm of the bronchi).
    • -stasis: Stoppage, example: Hemostasis (stopping of bleeding).
    • -stenosis: Narrowing, example: Arteriostenosis (narrowing of an artery).

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental components of medical terminology, including word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. You'll learn how these building blocks come together to form complex medical terms, as well as specific examples of major organ word roots. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of medical language!

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