Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following are risk factors for cancer of the bladder?
Which of the following are risk factors for cancer of the bladder?
- High fiber diet, regular exercise, and low alcohol consumption
- Frequent hand washing, vegetarian diet, and pet ownership
- Smoking, occupational exposure to chemicals, and chronic bladder inflammation (correct)
- Family history of lung cancer, excessive sun exposure, and obesity
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
- Back pain, blood in urine, and frequent fevers
- Frequent urination, excessive thirst, and weight gain
- Fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating (correct)
- Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and shortness of breath
What is the nursing care for a patient with an ileal conduit or continent reservoir?
What is the nursing care for a patient with an ileal conduit or continent reservoir?
- Apply direct pressure if bleeding occurs from the stoma
- Teach the patient proper irrigation technique for the stoma (correct)
- Limit fluid intake to prevent leakage from the reservoir
- Encourage the patient to avoid all physical activity
What are the predisposing causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What are the predisposing causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy?
What is the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy?
What are the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?
What are the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?
What is the treatment for kidney stones?
What is the treatment for kidney stones?
How can a nurse plan nursing care for patients on peritoneal dialysis?
How can a nurse plan nursing care for patients on peritoneal dialysis?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication discolors urine and may have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication discolors urine and may have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication is an effective urinary analgesic to relieve pain associated with UTI?
Which medication is an effective urinary analgesic to relieve pain associated with UTI?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Which medication is a topical analgesic that relieves pain, urgency, and frequency associated with UTI?
Which medication is a topical analgesic that relieves pain, urgency, and frequency associated with UTI?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of renal disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of renal disease?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
What does the presence of casts in urine indicate?
What does the presence of casts in urine indicate?
What is the treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What is the treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What are the nursing diagnoses for a urinary tract infection patient?
What are the nursing diagnoses for a urinary tract infection patient?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing UTIs?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing UTIs?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
What can result from incomplete bladder emptying?
What can result from incomplete bladder emptying?
Why are women more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Why are women more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is a recommended nursing care tip to minimize the risk of catheter-related UTIs?
What is a recommended nursing care tip to minimize the risk of catheter-related UTIs?
What can faulty valves in the urinary system cause?
What can faulty valves in the urinary system cause?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
Which of the following urinary tract infections is characterized by symptoms such as flank pain, fever, chills, and cloudy urine?
Which of the following urinary tract infections is characterized by symptoms such as flank pain, fever, chills, and cloudy urine?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
What can prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
What can prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
Which urinary tract infection can be caused by chemical irritants and STIs?
Which urinary tract infection can be caused by chemical irritants and STIs?
What is a characteristic symptom of urethritis in males?
What is a characteristic symptom of urethritis in males?
What treatment is recommended for uncomplicated cases of cystitis?
What treatment is recommended for uncomplicated cases of cystitis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What diagnostic method is used for diagnosing cystitis?
What diagnostic method is used for diagnosing cystitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of diabetic nephropathy?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of diabetic nephropathy?
What is a possible complication of chronic kidney disease?
What is a possible complication of chronic kidney disease?
What is a recommended nursing care tip for patients with an ileal conduit or continent reservoir?
What is a recommended nursing care tip for patients with an ileal conduit or continent reservoir?
What are the signs and symptoms of cancer of the kidneys?
What are the signs and symptoms of cancer of the kidneys?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is a characteristic symptom of acute kidney injury?
What is a characteristic symptom of acute kidney injury?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
Which of the following urinary conditions is characterized by symptoms such as flank pain, fever, chills, and cloudy urine?
Which of the following urinary conditions is characterized by symptoms such as flank pain, fever, chills, and cloudy urine?
What can result from incomplete bladder emptying?
What can result from incomplete bladder emptying?
What is a recommended treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What is a recommended treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What are the common risk factors for pyelonephritis?
What are the common risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
What is a common cause of cystitis?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) but is not systemic?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) but is not systemic?
What can prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
What can prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of pyelonephritis?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of pyelonephritis?
What is the most appropriate treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What is the most appropriate treatment for severe cases of pyelonephritis?
What is a potential complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is a potential complication of repeated kidney infections?
Which diagnostic method is used for diagnosing pyelonephritis?
Which diagnostic method is used for diagnosing pyelonephritis?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for urinary tract infection patients?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for urinary tract infection patients?
What evidence-based practice suggests prevention of UTIs by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls?
What evidence-based practice suggests prevention of UTIs by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
Which of the following is not a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which of the following is not a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
What treatment is recommended for uncomplicated cases of cystitis?
What treatment is recommended for uncomplicated cases of cystitis?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Which medication is a topical analgesic that relieves pain, urgency, and frequency associated with UTI?
Which medication is a topical analgesic that relieves pain, urgency, and frequency associated with UTI?
Which medication may discolor urine and have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication may discolor urine and have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication has bacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has bacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
What is the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What is a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What action can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract and cause infection?
What action can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract and cause infection?
Why are women more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Why are women more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
What can result from contamination in the perineal and urethral areas?
What is a common risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a common risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What can cause reflux of urine, allowing bacteria to travel from the urethra to the bladder or kidneys?
What can cause reflux of urine, allowing bacteria to travel from the urethra to the bladder or kidneys?
How can a nurse plan nursing care for patients on peritoneal dialysis?
How can a nurse plan nursing care for patients on peritoneal dialysis?
What is a potential complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is a potential complication of repeated kidney infections?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
What is a characteristic symptom of acute kidney injury?
What is a characteristic symptom of acute kidney injury?
Which of the following are risk factors for cancer of the bladder?
Which of the following are risk factors for cancer of the bladder?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
Where can urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur resulting in cystitis?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
Which urinary condition is associated with systemic disease and sicker patients?
What urinary tract infection can be caused by chemical irritants and STIs?
What urinary tract infection can be caused by chemical irritants and STIs?
Which medication has bacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has bacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
What are the common risk factors for cystitis?
What are the common risk factors for cystitis?
Which medication discolors urine and may have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication discolors urine and may have decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
What is the evidence-based practice suggestion for preventing recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of cystitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of cystitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pyelonephritis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of pyelonephritis?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
What is a possible complication of repeated kidney infections?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) but is not systemic?
Which medication is used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) but is not systemic?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for a urinary tract infection patient?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for a urinary tract infection patient?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
Which medication has antibacterial action in the urine but is not systemic?
What evidence-based practice suggests prevention of UTIs by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls?
What evidence-based practice suggests prevention of UTIs by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls?
What are the predisposing causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What are the predisposing causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
What medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
What medication is contraindicated in severe renal or liver disease?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication should be given with large amounts of water?
Which medication may discolor urine and has decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication may discolor urine and has decreased absorption if given with aluminum or magnesium antacids?
Which medication has topical analgesic properties and relieves pain associated with urinary tract infections?
Which medication has topical analgesic properties and relieves pain associated with urinary tract infections?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms, but is not systemic?
Which medication is effective against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other Gram-negative organisms, but is not systemic?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Which medication is used for uncomplicated UTIs and is effective against E. coli and Pseudomonas?
Urinary antiseptics have systemic antibacterial action
Urinary antiseptics have systemic antibacterial action
Cinoxacin (Cinobac) may decrease absorption if given within 2 hours of aluminum or magnesium antacids
Cinoxacin (Cinobac) may decrease absorption if given within 2 hours of aluminum or magnesium antacids
Sulfonamides are not effective against E. coli
Sulfonamides are not effective against E. coli
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is contraindicated in renal insufficiency
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is contraindicated in renal insufficiency
Urinary analgesics relieve pain urgency and frequency associated with urinary tract infections
Urinary analgesics relieve pain urgency and frequency associated with urinary tract infections
Impaired urinary elimination is related to frequency, nocturia, dysuria, and incontinence
Impaired urinary elimination is related to frequency, nocturia, dysuria, and incontinence
The urine color changes to red-orange in sepsis
The urine color changes to red-orange in sepsis
Urinary antiseptics are effective against Gram-positive organisms
Urinary antiseptics are effective against Gram-positive organisms
Urinary antiseptics have systemic antibacterial action
Urinary antiseptics have systemic antibacterial action
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) changes urine glucose testing
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) changes urine glucose testing
Study Notes
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Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra, can be caused by chemical irritants, bacterial infection, trauma, or STIs. Symptoms: urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and discharge in males. Diagnosed through urinalysis or culture. Treatment: based on cause, can include antibiotics, phenazopyridine, and avoidance of irritants.
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Cystitis: inflammation and infection of the bladder wall, usually caused by Escherichia coli. Symptoms: dysuria, frequency, urgency, and cloudy urine. Diagnosed through urinalysis. Treatment: sulfa medications or nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cases, ciprofloxacin for complicated cases.
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Pyelonephritis: infection of the kidneys, usually begins with infection of the lower urinary tract and ascends. Symptoms: flank pain, fever, chills, and cloudy urine. Diagnosed through urinalysis and culture. Treatment: antibiotics based on sensitivity test, hospitalization for severe cases.
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UTIs (urinary tract infections) are common and can cause dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and cloudy urine. In older adults, fatigue is a common symptom.
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Urethritis can be caused by chemical irritants, bacterial infection, trauma, or STIs. Bubble bath and bath salts are common irritants, and spermicidal agents can also cause urethritis.
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Cystitis is usually caused by Escherichia coli and diagnosed with a routine urinalysis. Symptoms include dysuria, frequency, and cloudy urine. Complicated cases may require a urine culture and sensitivity test.
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Pyelonephritis is caused by ascending infection from the lower urinary tract and can lead to sepsis and kidney damage. Risk factors include obstruction, strictures, stones, vesicoureteral reflux, and decreased immunity.
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Treatment for UTIs includes antibiotics, fluid intake, and follow-up urinalysis to ensure infection has been resolved. Pyelonephritis may require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
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Estrogen used as an intravaginal cream can prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women.
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Acute pyelonephritis can cause small abscesses and gross enlargement of the kidney. Risk factors for pyelonephritis include urological surgery, lymphatic infection, urinary stasis, and decreased immunity.
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Disorders of the urinary system encompass issues with the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, with potential causes including infection, obstructions, cancer, hereditary disorders, and metabolic, traumatic, or chronic diseases.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. UTIs affect around 150 million people annually.
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UTIs can occur in the urethra, resulting in urethritis; in the bladder, resulting in cystitis; or in the kidneys, leading to pyelonephritis.
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Risk factors for UTIs include: incomplete bladder emptying, contamination in perineal and urethral areas, instrumentation, faulty valves, previous UTIs, female anatomic and genetic differences, pregnancy, and aging.
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Incomplete bladder emptying can result from obstruction or infrequent voiding, leading to urine stasis and bacterial growth.
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Contamination in the perineal and urethral areas can originate from sexual intercourse, fecal soiling, or infections such as vaginitis, epididymitis, or prostatitis.
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Instrumentation, such as urinary catheters, can cause infection by introducing bacteria into the urinary tract.
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Faulty valves can cause reflux of urine, allowing bacteria to travel from the urethra to the bladder or kidneys.
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Previous UTIs can serve as a reservoir for persistent bacteria, increasing the risk of reinfection.
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Women are more susceptible to UTIs due to the shorter length of their urethra and its proximity to the anus and vagina. Pregnant women and older adults are also at increased risk.
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Nursing care tips include limiting the use of urinary catheters, employing infection control procedures, and discontinuing catheter use as soon as possible to minimize the risk of catheter-related UTIs. Catheter-related UTIs are considered a "never event" in healthcare.
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Costovertebral tenderness, a sign of renal disease, is noted when striking the area where the rib and vertebrae join.
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Urine in pyelonephritis is cloudy with increased white blood cells (WBCs), bacteria, casts, red blood cells (RBCs), and positive nitrites.
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Pyelonephritis patients are sicker than those with cystitis and show signs of systemic disease.
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Urinalysis in kidney infection shows casts, microscopic particles formed from abnormal constituents in urine.
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The urine specimen has more than 100,000 colonies of bacteria per milliliter, and the presence of casts always indicates a kidney problem.
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CBC count will show an elevated white blood cell count and an increase in sedimentation rate.
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Treatment for pyelonephritis includes administration of antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity results. Severe cases may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics.
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Complications of repeated kidney infections include scarring and loss of kidney function, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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During data collection for a urinary tract infection patient, concerns, symptoms, voiding patterns, presence of pain, and catheter status are documented.
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Nursing diagnoses include Acute Pain related to inflammation of the urinary structures, with expected outcomes of pain relief.
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Evidence-based practice suggests cranberries or cranberry juice may prevent UTIs by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder walls.
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Medications used to treat urinary tract infections include antibiotics, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, with varying nursing considerations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to urinary system disorders by identifying the word components and their meanings in the given examples of urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis.
