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Questions and Answers
The final phase of degeneration that granular casts undergo is represented by which of the following?
The final phase of degeneration that granular casts undergo is represented by which of the following?
Presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine specimen indicates?
Presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine specimen indicates?
Increased amounts of the metabolite para-hydroxyphenyllactic acid are excreted in the urine in which disorder?
Increased amounts of the metabolite para-hydroxyphenyllactic acid are excreted in the urine in which disorder?
What does the presence of nitrite in a urine specimen suggest?
What does the presence of nitrite in a urine specimen suggest?
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Which of the following statements does not follow the media quality control in microbiology laboratory?
Which of the following statements does not follow the media quality control in microbiology laboratory?
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Preventive maintenance from heat in microbiology operations indicates maintenance performance in which of the following intervals?
Preventive maintenance from heat in microbiology operations indicates maintenance performance in which of the following intervals?
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QC performance on staining procedures in microbiology laboratory should be done in which of the following intervals?
QC performance on staining procedures in microbiology laboratory should be done in which of the following intervals?
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Which of the following can be the test organism used in the QC testing for chocolate agar?
Which of the following can be the test organism used in the QC testing for chocolate agar?
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Which of the following content in the Mueller-Hinton agar for antimicrobial susceptibility testing increases the sensitivity of the test to sulfonamides and trimethoprim antimicrobials when added in reduced amounts?
Which of the following content in the Mueller-Hinton agar for antimicrobial susceptibility testing increases the sensitivity of the test to sulfonamides and trimethoprim antimicrobials when added in reduced amounts?
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Which of the following is considered a primary reason for a failed QC testing result in microbiology laboratory?
Which of the following is considered a primary reason for a failed QC testing result in microbiology laboratory?
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What is the optimum temperature of a cryostat?
What is the optimum temperature of a cryostat?
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What is used for the staining of the myelin sheath of brain tissues?
What is used for the staining of the myelin sheath of brain tissues?
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Spirochetes can be demonstrated by the Grocott Methamine Silver stain.
Spirochetes can be demonstrated by the Grocott Methamine Silver stain.
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What does Von Kossa's Silver Nitrate method demonstrate?
What does Von Kossa's Silver Nitrate method demonstrate?
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The stain that requires the use of sulfuric acid is Gram’s ____________.
The stain that requires the use of sulfuric acid is Gram’s ____________.
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Match the following histopathologic techniques with their descriptions:
Match the following histopathologic techniques with their descriptions:
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Which of the following phenotypes show natural resistance of red cells against P. vivax infections?
Which of the following phenotypes show natural resistance of red cells against P. vivax infections?
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In which immunoglobulin is the transport piece component found?
In which immunoglobulin is the transport piece component found?
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Who discovered the human ABO blood group?
Who discovered the human ABO blood group?
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What component is selected for the treatment of Hemophilia B?
What component is selected for the treatment of Hemophilia B?
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The common cause of hemolytic transfusion reaction. Error in ________.
The common cause of hemolytic transfusion reaction. Error in ________.
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Which of the following is the only complement receptor found on erythrocytes?
Which of the following is the only complement receptor found on erythrocytes?
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Rh factor is an antibody.
Rh factor is an antibody.
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Match the following blood types with the statements:
Match the following blood types with the statements:
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Glassware is usually calibrated at?
Glassware is usually calibrated at?
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A template is used to make a 1 mm puncture wound in the forearm for an IV bleeding _________.
A template is used to make a 1 mm puncture wound in the forearm for an IV bleeding _________.
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What is the characteristic of erythrocytes that causes them to settle out first?
What is the characteristic of erythrocytes that causes them to settle out first?
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What are the characteristics of a plasma cell?
What are the characteristics of a plasma cell?
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What is the most predominant leukocyte in acute myelogenous leukemia?
What is the most predominant leukocyte in acute myelogenous leukemia?
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What is a markedly decreased platelet count called?
What is a markedly decreased platelet count called?
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What are siderocytes?
What are siderocytes?
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What is poikilocytosis?
What is poikilocytosis?
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What is the largest mature cell in normal circulating blood?
What is the largest mature cell in normal circulating blood?
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What is leukocytosis?
What is leukocytosis?
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What does the mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?
What does the mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?
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What is the formula used for the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate?
What is the formula used for the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate?
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In what condition are nucleated RBCs most likely to be seen?
In what condition are nucleated RBCs most likely to be seen?
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What are Howell-Jolly bodies?
What are Howell-Jolly bodies?
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What is the purpose of sodium metabisulfite in the demonstration of sickle cells?
What is the purpose of sodium metabisulfite in the demonstration of sickle cells?
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What is the test type for a Westergren ESR test?
What is the test type for a Westergren ESR test?
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What does an electronic particle counter always exclude when performing red blood counts?
What does an electronic particle counter always exclude when performing red blood counts?
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When is the hemoglobin known as oxyhemoglobin?
When is the hemoglobin known as oxyhemoglobin?
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What affects sedimentation rates?
What affects sedimentation rates?
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What does a quality control plot showing a shift downward indicate?
What does a quality control plot showing a shift downward indicate?
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What should be closely observed in a white blood cell differential when there is absolute lymphocytosis?
What should be closely observed in a white blood cell differential when there is absolute lymphocytosis?
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What does thrombin aid in?
What does thrombin aid in?
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What is the difference between serum and plasma?
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
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What is the process of stopping or controlling the flow of blood?
What is the process of stopping or controlling the flow of blood?
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What is required for APTT?
What is required for APTT?
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What is a method for testing platelets?
What is a method for testing platelets?
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What is thrombocytopenia?
What is thrombocytopenia?
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What are the two outstanding characteristics of leukemia?
What are the two outstanding characteristics of leukemia?
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What is seen in multiple myeloma?
What is seen in multiple myeloma?
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What is characteristic of Hodgkin's disease?
What is characteristic of Hodgkin's disease?
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What is not a cause of DIC?
What is not a cause of DIC?
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What are the normal values for PT and PTT?
What are the normal values for PT and PTT?
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What is characteristic of hemophilia?
What is characteristic of hemophilia?
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What medications are monitored by PT/PTT?
What medications are monitored by PT/PTT?
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What is the cause of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn?
What is the cause of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn?
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What is brilliant cresyl blue used to stain?
What is brilliant cresyl blue used to stain?
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How many WBCs are normally seen in a malarial smear?
How many WBCs are normally seen in a malarial smear?
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What causes LE cells?
What causes LE cells?
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What is a retic count an indication of?
What is a retic count an indication of?
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What is the absolute retic count if the RBC is 4,000,000 and 16 reticulocytes are seen?
What is the absolute retic count if the RBC is 4,000,000 and 16 reticulocytes are seen?
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What is not found in normal blood?
What is not found in normal blood?
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Study Notes
Quality Assurance and Control
- Quality control in microbiology laboratory: media quality control should not be selected based on one criterion of sterility
- Preventive maintenance: heat maintenance in microbiology operations should be performed monthly
- Quality control on staining procedures in microbiology laboratory: should be done daily
- Test organism used in QC testing for chocolate agar: Neisseria meningitidis
- Content in Mueller-Hinton agar that increases sensitivity to sulfonamides and trimethoprim antimicrobials: Thymidine
- Primary reason for failed QC testing result in microbiology laboratory: stock culture failure
- Specificity: ability of a test to detect only the analyte of interest
- Pattern of investigation in microbiology laboratory for identification of isolate: Preliminary, Confirmatory, Definitive
Blood Bank Laboratory
- Reagents in blood bank lab that require QC test standards: Blood typing sera
- Type of equipment that should undergo calibration and performance checks: Temperature-dependent equipment
- Purpose of internal assessment in blood bank laboratory: enable the blood bank lab to comply with its own QA and QC measures at all times
- Type of assessment that DOH proficiency testing is under: External assessment
Clinical Microscopy
- Reason why first voided morning urine specimen is most desirable for routine urinalysis: most concentrated specimen of the day, therefore more likely to detect abnormalities
- Substance responsible for yellow color of urine: Urochrome
- Substances that can turn urine dark brown or black: Melanin
- pH range of freshly voided urine specimen: 4.5 to 8.0
- Effect of bacterial decomposition of urea on urine pH: becomes alkaline
- Definition of polyuria: urine volume exceeding 2000 mL in 24 hours
- Definition of isosthenuria: fixed specific gravity of approximately 1.010
Urine Sediment
- Type of white blood cell most frequently seen in urine sediment: Neutrophil
- Procedure used to quantify formed elements: Addis count
- Microscopic technique used to identify unstained cellular components and casts in urine: Phase-contrast microscopy
- Substances that are more easily distinguished using polarized microscopy: Lipids
- Definition of glitter cell: Neutrophil
- Final phase of degeneration of granular casts: Waxy
Microbiology
- Most useful finding for prompt presumptive identification of Candida albicans: Germ tube
- Fungus that is encapsulated, urease positive, produces mucoid, red colonies: Cryptococcus neoformans
- Fungus that infects only skin and nails: Produces large thin-walled club-shaped conidia without microconidia
- Virus that is best diagnosed by serologic testing: Hepatitis A
- Agent of scrub typhus: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
- Test used to differentiate Streptococcus species: Hydrolysis of esculin in the presence of bile
- Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes: Susceptibility to 0.04 bacitracin disc
- CAMP test: used to identify Streptococcus agalactiae### Medical Technology Assessment Program 2 Rationalization
Germicide and Sterilization
- Sterilizers are germicides intended to destroy all microorganisms and their spores on inanimate surfaces.
- BSL-2 (Biosafety Level 2) includes organisms such as HBV, HIV, and enteric pathogens.
Blood Culture Collection
- General guidelines for collection of blood cultures state that 2-3 sets per 24 hours are usually submitted to diagnose bacteremia.
Quality Control in Microbiology Laboratory
- Quality assurance testing requires selecting an organism that will demonstrate a positive reaction on a citrate agar slant, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- In capnophilic incubators, the carbon dioxide concentration should be between 5 and 10%.
Parasitology
- Methods for concentrating stool specimens include the flotation method, where parasitic forms flow to the top of the solution.
- Modified acid-fast stain is used to identify Cryptosporidium and other coccidian.
- Trichomonas vaginalis is a pear-shaped flagellate with an undulating membrane extending one-half of the length of its body with 4 recurring flagella, no anterior flagellum.
Hematology and Serology/Blood Banking
- Rh factor is an antigen, and Rh HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) occurs in an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive child.
- The Castañeda strip test is used in screening for Leptospirosis.
- In the classic pathway of complement activation, C3 is split into C3a and C3b.
Clinical Chemistry
- Sodium fluoride acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting glycolysis.
- Serum chloride determinations require serum to be separated from blood samples within 15-30 minutes to avoid adverse effects of bicarbonate.
Hematology
- A hypochromic RBC is one with increased central pallor.
- Poikilocytosis refers to variation in shape of red blood cells.
- Sickle cell testing uses sodium metabisulfite reagent.
Laws and Ethics in Medical Technology
- The latest code of ethics for medical technology profession was organized into a final draft in 2019.
- The code of ethics for medical technology profession was signed on September 13, 2022, and amendments were consulted with APO (Association of Philippine Orthodontists).
Note: The study notes are based on the provided text and may not be comprehensive or inclusive of all topics.### Medical Technology Code of Ethics
- The first revision of the medical technology code of ethics happened in 1997.
- The latest code of ethics for medical technology profession is anchored on the International Code of Medical Technology Ethics.
- Confidentiality clause in patient information is under Article 2, Section 4.
- The latest code of ethics was published in the Philippine Star of national circulation on September 16, 2022.
- Harmonious working relationships with other healthcare professionals is mandated in Article 4, Section 3 of the PRB of MT Resolution No. 72 series of 2022.
- The latest code of ethics for medical technology profession takes effect on October 2, 2022.
- Revocation of the certificate of registration of the offending medical technologist is penalized under none of the above mandating laws.
- Medical technologists may accept professional fees in services rendered by them requiring their expertise under none of the above.
History of Medical Technology
- Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda organized the public health laboratory in 1945.
- Dr. Gustavo Reyes opened the medical technology course in UST as an elective course to Pharmacy in 1947.
- The study of bacteria under the microscope was first performed using Aniline dyes.
- Mrs. Antoinette McKelvey helped Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick to put up a complete laboratory including histopath section.
- The location Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila is associated with the Public Health Laboratory.
- The history of medical technology is associated with the discovery of intestinal parasites, which was a postulation of none of the above.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered the first functional microscope, which described RBC, protozoa, and bacterial morphology.
Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET)
- PAMET was instituted on a date not specified in the text.
- Currently, PAMET has an unspecified number of provincial chapters nationwide.
- Former President Ferdinand Marcos declared that the celebration of medical technology profession is every third week of September.
- The current official publication of PAMET is PAMETLINK.
- PAMET has linkages with unspecified government agencies.
- PAMET was recognized as the only accredited professional organization for medical technologists on June 22, 1973.
Medical Technology Practice
- Continuing Professional Development in medical technology practice is associated with post-licensure trainings and conferences.
- The grounds of removal of the board of members except none of the above.
- Clinical Microscopy is not a major professional course in the licensure examination of the medical technology practice.
- After 3 unsuccessful board exams, which of the following seek provision to follow up the failed examinee is completing a refresher course.
- The professional identification card of the successful examinee shall bear the following details except none of the above.
Medical Technology Education
- The technical committee for medical technology education is under the purview of CHED-OPS.
- The technical committee for medical technology education is responsible for formulating Policies, Standards, and Guidelines (PSGs).
Laws and Regulations
- RA 7719 is the primary subject of voluntary blood donation, safe blood products, and regulating blood banks.
- Following organizations are under the purview of RA 7719 in encouraging their members regarding voluntary blood donation except none of the above.
- RA 7719 was approved on May 5, 1994.
Histopathologic Techniques
- Xylene is considered as the most common clearing agent.
- Bouin's solution contains picric acid.
- Fixation is done to prevent autolysis and putrefaction.
- EDTA when used for bone decalcification acts as a chelating agent.
- Fixative for bone marrow biopsies is Zenker's solution.
- Carnoy's fluid is recommended for fixing chromosome, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies.
Safety in the Laboratory
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that indicates the normal use, disposal, and risks associated with spillage of hazardous chemicals.
- The flashpoint is associated with explosives.
- Liquid nitrogen may cause frost bites.
- Infectious agents like prions can be sterilized by formalin and concentrated formic acid.
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge of quality assurance and quality control in microbiology laboratory, covering topics such as media quality control and preventive maintenance.
