Medical-Surgical Nursing: Caring for the Acutely Ill Patient

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What is the primary goal of monitoring hourly urine output and specific gravity in the acutely ill patient?

To determine the effectiveness of desmopressin therapy
To adjust the dosage of indomethacin therapy
To assess fluid volume status and prevent dehydration (correct)
To monitor for signs of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

What is the mechanism of action of indomethacin in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

It decreases the sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
It increases the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
It increases the sensitivity of the kidneys to ADH (correct)
It increases the glomerular filtration rate

What is the recommended daily sodium intake to help decrease urine output in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Less than 3g/day (correct)
Less than 4g/day
Less than 2g/day
Less than 1g/day

What is the hormone replacement of choice for central diabetes insipidus?

Desmopressin (DDAVP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administering thiazide diuretics in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

To decrease urine output (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fluid and electrolyte imbalances in Diabetes Insipidus?

Deficient production or secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a decreased response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidney?

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of Central Diabetes Insipidus?

Brain tumor (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Diabetes Insipidus is associated with a psychologic disorder?

Psychogenic Diabetes Insipidus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deficient production or secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in Diabetes Insipidus?

Increased urine output and increased plasma osmolality (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of Central Diabetes Insipidus?

Lithium therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a water deprivation test in diagnosing diabetes insipidus?

To distinguish central DI from nephrogenic DI (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome in a patient with central DI after a water deprivation test?

Urine osmolality increases to 600mOsm/kg (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of desmopressin in diagnosing diabetes insipidus?

It is used to distinguish central DI from nephrogenic DI (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a therapeutic goal in managing a patient with diabetes insipidus?

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes insipidus?

Osmotic diuresis and fluid loss (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for central diabetes insipidus?

Fluid replacement and hormone therapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?

Polyuria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical daily urine output in a patient with Diabetes Insipidus?

2-20L/day (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the urine in a patient with Diabetes Insipidus?

Low specific gravity (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus?

Hypoglycemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus?

Blood glucose levels (B) Signup and view all the answers