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Which statement about the use of erythropoietin in patients with chronic kidney disease is TRUE?
Which STI is associated with a risk of causing oral, anal, and cervical cancer?
What sign on examination is most indicative of PCOS?
In a patient with a bruised knee and an abnormal APTT corrected with a mixing test, which factor levels should be tested?
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Which nervous modality is responsible for constricting the anal sphincter and relaxing the rectal wall to facilitate fecal storage?
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What is the most likely cause of megaloblastic anemia in a patient following a partial gastrectomy?
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Which factor is likely a barrier to lifestyle changes in a patient with uncontrolled T2DM?
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Which maternal condition is likely to explain decreased fetal growth and increased protein levels in urine at 20 weeks' gestation?
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Which part of the clitoris or penis is correctly paired with its related erectile tissue?
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Which hormonal change is accurately described during menopause?
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Which artery is likely responsible for bleeding after laceration of the hymen?
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From which nerve do the fibers innervating the prostatic plexus originate?
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Where will spermatozoa still be present three months after a vasectomy?
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What is the expected consequence of inhibin inactivation in mice?
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Which nerve is suspected to be entrapped after surgical repair of an inguinal hernia leading to groin pain?
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Which feature is associated with neoliberalism?
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Which sexually transmitted infection uses serology detection of antibodies as a primary diagnostic tool?
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Which structure is correctly matched with its histological description in case of ovarian biopsy?
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Which vaccine is administered intramuscularly?
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Which statement accurately reflects the immunization coverage statistics?
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What category does a mother fall into if she is concerned about vaccination risks but has previously vaccinated her child?
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What is the major anthropogenic factor in the increase of atmospheric CO2 levels?
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Which test is considered the best for quantifying T lymphocytes?
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Which immunosuppressant is correctly matched with its action?
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Which organism is primarily diagnosed by serology through antibody detection?
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Which muscle is likely not repaired if faecal incontinence occurs after perineal laceration during labor?
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Which statement is true regarding syphilis and its symptoms?
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Which of the following represents a significant barrier to health promotion for a pre-diabetic individual struggling to make lifestyle changes?
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What is the correct action area as outlined in the Ottawa Charter?
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In a case report of a 15-year-old with delayed menarche and normal hormone levels, which structure of the gonadal axis may be abnormal?
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What nerve is likely affected in a patient presenting with loss of sensation in the groin and anterior scrotum after inguinal hernia surgery?
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Which feature is typically associated with an estrogen secreting granulosa cell tumor in a patient?
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What is most likely the diagnosis for a patient with recurrent infections, high neutrophils, and elevated eosinophils and basophils?
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Which artery must be ligated during a hysterectomy to minimize bleeding?
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Which hormone is most central to the onset of parturition?
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What laboratory test is crucial to confirm a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia?
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What findings would indicate a need for serological detection of antibodies as a primary diagnostic tool?
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What is the primary concern of a patient presenting with high neutrophils, low platelets, and prolonged APTT?
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Which test would help narrow down the diagnosis of a joint bleeding disorder in the context of family history?
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What occurs biologically to ensure strong contractions during labor?
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What aspect of a myeloproliferative neoplasm does polycythemia vera cause?
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What is a likely complication in severe combined immunodeficiency related to T-cell development?
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Which of the following options is NOT a benefit of investment in health promotion?
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What hormonal condition is indicated by decreased FSH and LH with elevated estrogen and progesterone?
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Which nerve is likely to be entrapped following surgical repair of an inguinal hernia that results in pain in the groin region extending into the scrotum?
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What maternal condition is indicated by reduced fetal growth and the presence of protein in the urine during a routine ultrasound?
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What is the most accurate explanation for why sperm need to be co-incubated with an ovum before fertilization can occur?
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Which muscle may have been missed during the repair of a perineal laceration if a patient subsequently experiences fecal incontinence?
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What is the consequence of inhibin inactivation in mice, according to the given options?
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Which hormone is most central to initiating the phase of parturition during childbirth?
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What drug could be used to delay delivery in the case of probable preterm labor?
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What needs to be cut and ligated for complete removal of the uterus during a vaginal hysterectomy?
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What statement is correct regarding erythropoietin treatment in a patient with chronic renal failure?
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Which statements about investment in health promotion are TRUE?
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Which factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
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What does a visual acuity of 6/9 indicate regarding a patient's vision?
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What does homonymous hemianopia refer to?
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Study Notes
Erythropoietin and Anemia
- Erythropoietin is used to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease patients.
- It can cause thrombus formation due to increased blood viscosity.
- Iron deficiency anemia patients cannot safely receive erythropoietin injections as it could worsen anemia.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oral, anal, and cervical cancers.
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is also a preventable STI that can cause these cancers.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Coarse, dark hair on the upper lip indicates possible PCOS.
Hemophilia and Blood Disorders
- A patient with abnormal APTT corrected by a mixing test likely requires testing for factors VIII and IX.
Neurological Control of Defecation
- Sympathetic efferent nervous modalities constrict the anal sphincter and relax the rectal wall to store feces.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) Findings
- During a DRE, the median sulcus is most likely palpated in the prostate.
Gastric Surgery Consequences
- Lack of intrinsic factor post-partial gastrectomy leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Barriers to Health Change
- Barriers such as lack of time and patient compliance can impede lifestyle changes in diabetic patients.
Maternal Conditions and Pregnancy
- Decreased fetal growth and increased protein levels in urine at 20 weeks indicate possible preeclampsia.
Vaccination Insights
- DTP vaccine is administered intramuscularly.
- Vaccine coverage is often assessed using DTP coverage as an indicator.
- Vaccine hesitancy often arises from concerns about risks discussed in social groups.
Climate Change and Health
- Human activities are the primary contributors to rising global temperatures.
- The burning of fossil fuels is a significant anthropological source of atmospheric CO2.
Clinical Breast Examination
- Specificity and sensitivity rates provide insights into the effectiveness of breast cancer screening.
Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
- TRIPS agreements occur among World Trade Organization (WTO) members.
Public Health Strategies
- The Ottawa Charter advocates strengthening community action for health promotion.
Drug Interactions and Cancer Risks
- Factors increasing breast cancer risk include nulliparity; early menopause has a protective effect.
Visual Acuity Testing
- The Snellen chart measures visual acuity; a result of 6/9 indicates reduced visual clarity compared to normals.
Perineal Injury Repair and Complications
- Post-delivery, a missed repair of the internal anal sphincter can lead to fecal incontinence.
T-Lymphocyte Quantification
- Flow cytometry is the best test to quantify T lymphocytes.
Hormonal Changes During Labor
- Key hormones include oxytocin, which triggers contractions during labor.
Hematological Conditions
- Polycythemia vera results in increased erythrocytes due to stem cell proliferation.
Immune System Deficiencies
- Severe combined immunodeficiency results in significant T lymphocyte deficiency affecting immune responses.
Sexual Health and Wellbeing
- Specialized training in sexual health includes understanding STIs and promoting healthy practices.### Erectile Tissue Pairing
- Ischiopubic rami are associated with cavernous erectile tissue in the crura region of both the clitoris and penis.
Hormonal Changes During Menopause
- Estrogen and inhibin levels decrease during menopause, while LH and progesterone levels may vary.
Bleeding After Coitus
- Lacerated hymen can cause bleeding related to the internal pudendal artery, which supplies blood to the perineal region.
Prostatic Plexus Innervation
- The prostatic plexus, which innervates erectile tissue, derives its nerve fibers primarily from the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Spermatozoa Presence Post-Vasectomy
- After a vasectomy, spermatozoa will still be present in the epididymis for several months until the existing sperm are cleared.
Inhibin Inactivation Consequences
- Inhibition of inhibin A and B results in increased FSH levels, promoting follicle survival but decreasing ovulation rates.
Pain Post-Inguinal Hernia Surgery
- Entrapment of the ilioinguinal nerve may cause localized pain in the groin and anterior aspect of the scrotum following surgical repair.
Neoliberalism Features
- Key feature of neoliberalism includes privatization, emphasizing reduced government intervention in the economy.
STI Serology Detection
- Serology is the primary diagnostic tool for Treponema pallidum, responsible for syphilis.
Ovarian Biopsy Histology
- Graafian follicles are characterized by several layers of granulosa cells, presence of corona radiata, and a mature-sized oocyte.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various medical topics including erythropoietin and its effects on anemia, the implications of sexually transmitted infections like HPV and HBV, and signs of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This quiz covers key aspects of blood disorders and neurological control related to defecation.
