Medical Psychology: Field of Interference
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of semi-structured interviews?

  • They allow patients to respond freely with their own words. (correct)
  • They are implemented in a strictly directive manner.
  • They are fast and require minimal time investment.
  • They provide structured information that is easy to analyze statistically.

    • Which parameter indicates whether a psychological test measures what it is intended to?

  • Sensitivity
  • Reliability
  • Validity (correct)
  • Objectivity

    • What is the primary purpose of conducting experiments in psychology?

  • To gather qualitative descriptions of complex phenomena.
  • To provoke, control, or manipulate behavior. (correct)
  • To review historical documents of psychological studies.
  • To analyze patients' emotional states quantitatively.

    • What is a characteristic of Type C (Temoshok) personality?

    <p>Avoidance of conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes case studies from other research methods?

    <p>They provide qualitative descriptions of complex behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Type C personality affect health?

    <p>May lead to autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes meta-analysis?

    <p>A statistical analysis of a large number of previously conducted studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Medical Psychology?

    <p>Interdisciplinary interactions between Medicine and psychosocial sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type D (Denollet) personality?

    <p>High self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Type C personality and emotional management?

    <p>Emotional suppression is common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does the clinical psychologist play in a hospital setting?

    <p>Addressing ongoing psychological symptoms and directing patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health concern is associated with Type D personality traits?

    <p>Higher risk of depressive states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to psychosomatic disorders?

    <p>Psychological factors combined with organic vulnerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior of Type C personalities regarding healthcare?

    <p>Late addressability to the doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of not addressing psychiatric comorbidities in a clinical setting?

    <p>Worsening psychological symptoms and side effects of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of stress on Type C personalities?

    <p>Stress lowers NK cells and impacts health negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a focus of Health Psychology?

    <p>Direct intervention in surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Behavioral Medicine from Clinical Psychology?

    <p>Emphasis on behavioral change to improve health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Type D personalities typically handle emotions in social settings?

    <p>They may avoid showing emotions due to fear of rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of risky cognitive styles in relation to health?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a clinical psychologist NOT fulfill in patient care?

    <p>Diagnosing physical illnesses based on lab results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about PS disorders is true?

    <p>PS disorders can be acute, benign, and reversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of neglected PS diseases?

    <p>They can be potentially lethal, particularly in cardiovascular cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral trait is NOT associated with Type A personality characteristics?

    <p>Relaxed and easy-going nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-esteem represent?

    <p>The ratio of self-perceived value to one's abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes psychosis?

    <p>Social integration is often problematic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biological responses is increased in individuals with Type A characteristics?

    <p>Increase in testosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using observation as a research method in Health Psychology?

    <p>It may not ensure control to the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A individuals?

    <p>Increased levels of relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is likely increased due to Type A personality traits?

    <p>Norepinephrine and adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes personality disorders?

    <p>Distorted behavior with potential social acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of neurosis?

    <p>High degree of awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does primary prevention play in managing PS disorders?

    <p>It is crucial in minimizing the occurrence of PS disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding neglected PS disorders?

    <p>They are often adequately managed with lifestyle changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of a structured clinical interview?

    <p>Utilizes closed questions for accurate information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unrealistic optimism potentially harmful for?

    <p>Leading to possible non-compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the approach towards psychosis treatment?

    <p>Pharmacological treatment as a preferred option</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence for cardiovascular patients who do not seek social support?

    <p>Poor prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-efficacy refer to according to Bandura?

    <p>Belief in one's cognitive resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an internal locus of control (ILC) affect a person's behavior?

    <p>Promotes adherence to treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of Kobasa's theory of hardiness?

    <p>Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of coherence in Antonovsky's model?

    <p>Perception of world and self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which locus of control is associated with taking on unnecessary responsibilities?

    <p>Internal locus of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of hardiness?

    <p>It can be cultivated through therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'manageability' in the context of coherence?

    <p>Perception of having necessary resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Psychology: Field of Interference

    • Medical psychology investigates the interplay between medicine and psychosocial factors.
    • It encompasses health psychology, psychosomatics, behavioural medicine, and clinical psychology.
    • These fields share similarities and differences in their approaches to understanding health and illness.

    Health Psychology

    • Examines the psychological mechanisms involved in health and illness.
    • Focuses on stress, coping mechanisms, and strategies to promote well-being.

    Psychosomatics

    • Studies the relationship between psychological factors and physical illness.
    • Explores the psychopathological mechanisms of psychosomatic disorders and diseases.

    Behavioural Medicine

    • Integrates behavioural and biomedical knowledge for health promotion and treatment.
    • Aims to achieve health promotion, disease prevention, and rehabilitation.
    • This interdisciplinary field combines various approaches to understand and promote individuals' well-being.

    Clinical Psychology in Hospitals

    • The role of clinical psychologists in hospitals is crucial and complementary to the therapeutic team.
    • Psychological and somatic issues are addressed.
    • Prevention of psychiatric comorbidity is part of their role, and addressing ongoing psychological symptoms is part of their role.

    Psychosomatic Disorders and Diseases

    • Psychological factors (stress, trauma) plus organic vulnerability lead to psychosomatic disorders or diseases.
    • Acute, benign and reversible disorders (without concomitant organic lesions) are classified as 'PS disorders', while chronic and potentially lethal disorders are classified as 'PS diseases'.
    • Often neglected in patients and doctors creating a need for increased awareness.
    • Type A personality traits (hostility, aggression, urgency, competitiveness, and a strong need for accumulation) are associated with increased susceptibility to illness, particularly cardiovascular issues.
    • Biologically seen as increased norepinephrine and adrenaline, testosterone, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels.

    Cognitive Styles (Protective and Risky)

    • Self-efficacy: the belief in one's ability to successfully accomplish tasks.

    • Internal locus of control: the belief that outcomes result from one's actions.

    • Hardiness: the ability to withstand stress and mental pressure despite difficulties (composed of control, commitment, and challenge).

    • Coherence: a person's interpretation of the world and their ability to understand and manage life events.

    • Self-esteem: the perceived value of oneself in relation to one's abilities and goals.

    • Optimism: a generally favorable outlook on the future.

    Types of Mental Disorders (Classical View)

    • Neurosis: a reactive condition caused by stress or trauma, awareness is present, patients can be treated by psychologists.
    • Psychosis: a "mixed etiology", with both genetic and environmental influences, resulting in maladaptation.

    Research Methods in Health Psychology

    • Observation: Direct or indirect observation of one's own behaviour, useful for low cost and spontaneity, but has limitations as it doesn't offer observer control and can be subjective. Retrospection can also be used.
    • Clinical Interviews: Structured or semi-structured interviews to collect information efficiently, though it may be time consuming and doesn't promote catharsis.
    • Experiments: Provoke, control, or manipulate behavior to establish connections between variables.
    • Psychological Tests: Standardized tests for measuring or describing behaviour. Reliability and Validity are important parameters.
    • Case Studies: A qualitative study of behaviours that are complicated.
    • Meta-Analysis: A statistical analysis of several prior studies to obtain results based on many different research studies.
    • Ethnographic Studies: Examination of beliefs, mindsets, and realities.
    • Study of Diaries and Biographical Documents: Using these materials successfully in longitudinal studies.

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    Medical Psychology: Summary Course 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the interaction between medicine and psychosocial aspects in medical psychology. This quiz covers health psychology, psychosomatics, and behavioral medicine, highlighting their unique approaches to understanding health and illness. Dive into the psychological mechanisms behind well-being and psychosomatic disorders.

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