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Medical Laser Instrumentation: Basic Concepts and Types of Lasers

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Medical Laser Instrumentation: Basic Concepts and Types of Lasers

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Questions and Answers

What are the applications of a He-Ne laser?

Reading bar codes in supermarkets, holography, industrial and scientific uses

What is the gain medium used in a He-Ne laser?

Helium-Neon gas mixture

What gives the ruby crystal its characteristic pink or red color?

Chromium atoms

What type of laser is a ruby laser and what kind of light does it produce?

Solid-state laser, produces red light at 694.3 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind achieving population inversion in a He-Ne laser?

Energy transfer from excited Helium atoms to Neon atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that produces a population inversion?

Pumping Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum concentration of Nd+3 ions in Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal?

1 to 1.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of YAG in Nd: YAG laser?

It leads to splitting of energy levels of Nd+3 ions and modifies transition probabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the length and diameter of the Nd: YAG laser rod?

Length: 10 cm, Diameter: 12mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficiency of a typical ND:YAG laser and how much waste heat does it produce compared to laser output?

Efficiency: about 3%, Waste heat: thirty times as much as laser output Signup and view all the answers