Medical Instrumentation I - Lecture 9 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which an electrosurgical unit achieves cutting of tissue?

  • Thermal desiccation of the tissue
  • Continuous sinusoidal waveform (correct)
  • Series of sinusoidal wave packets
  • Mechanical disruption of the tissue
  • What is the main difference between the monopolar and bipolar modes of operation of an electrosurgical unit?

  • The method in which the current enters and leaves the tissue (correct)
  • The waveform used to achieve cutting versus coagulation
  • The type of tissue being operated on
  • The power output of the device
  • At what temperature range do irreversible changes in the tissue occur during electrosurgery?

  • Above 45°C (correct)
  • Above 40°C
  • Above 37°C
  • Above 50°C
  • What is the primary mechanism by which an electrosurgical unit achieves coagulation of tissue?

    <p>Series of sinusoidal wave packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an electrosurgical unit during a surgical procedure?

    <p>To cut tissue effectively while controlling bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range at which reversible changes in the tissue occur during electrosurgery?

    <p>Up to 45°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the specific surgical effects achieved by passing high-frequency electric currents through biological tissues using an electrosurgical unit (ESU)?

    <p>Cutting, coagulation, and vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical units?

    <p>Monopolar uses a single electrode, while bipolar uses two electrodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dispersive electrode used in monopolar electrosurgery?

    <p>To provide a return path for the current from the active electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between current density and tissue damage in electrosurgery?

    <p>Higher current density leads to more tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of an electrosurgical unit (ESU) circuit?

    <p>Power source, active electrode, and dispersive electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing the electrosurgical unit (ESU)?

    <p>To ensure the ESU is functioning properly and safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of zonal centrifugation?

    <p>To separate molecules based on their sedimentation coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key advantage of zonal centrifugation over isopycnic centrifugation?

    <p>It is a mild, non-denaturing procedure useful for protein purification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between zonal centrifugation and isopycnic centrifugation?

    <p>Zonal centrifugation separates particles based on sedimentation coefficient, while isopycnic centrifugation separates based on density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a particle determines its sedimentation coefficient in zonal centrifugation?

    <p>The particle's size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the sucrose or Ficoll gradient used in zonal centrifugation important?

    <p>It provides buoyancy and prevents particles from floating to the top of the tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of centrifugation is better suited for purifying nucleic acid species of different densities?

    <p>Isopycnic centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the frictional coefficient and particle velocity represent in the context of the text?

    <p>Factors influencing sedimentation forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the use of a density gradient important in centrifugation according to the text?

    <p>To prevent convection mixing of solute bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is specifically mentioned for determining sedimentation coefficients and molecular masses?

    <p>Analytical ultracentrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what is the purpose of creating a density gradient in the tube?

    <p>To purify proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if a layer of concentrated, dense solution overlaid a less dense solvent in centrifugation?

    <p>Mixing by convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are moving boundaries and concentration distributions observed in analytical ultracentrifugation according to the text?

    <p>Using optical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that distinguishes a compound microscope?

    <p>It uses multiple lenses to magnify the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the objective lens in a compound microscope?

    <p>It is closest to the object or specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the image produced at the eye with a compound microscope described?

    <p>Two-dimensional and reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of light method is most commonly used in a compound microscope for illuminating the specimen?

    <p>Reflected light from a mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what magnification level can much detail at the cellular level of biological specimens be seen with a compound microscope?

    <p>$500x$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope is mentioned as the second most common in the text?

    <p>Stereo microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

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