Biomedical Instrumentation and Sterilization

Questions and Answers

To adjust the frequency range of recorded signals

To measure the impedance of the skin-electrode interface

To increase the signal strength for recording (correct)

To control the amplitude of the recorded signals

To ensure patient safety and prevent infection (correct)

To detect apnea episodes

To analyze sleep stages

To measure brain wave activity

Apnea episodes during sleep

Sleep stages across the night (correct)

Brain wave activity during REM sleep

Muscle activity during sleep

Transitional sleep Signup and view all the answers

Eye movements Signup and view all the answers

Vivid dreaming and fluctuations in heart rate and breathing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Filter adjusts the frequency range of recorded signals.
Sensitivity controls the amplitude of the recorded signals.
Amplifier increases the signal strength for recording.
Impedance, the resistance of the skin-electrode interface, should be kept low.
Current, voltage, and resistance are crucial electrical principles for accurate sensor functioning and patient safety.

Procedures ensure all equipment is free from pathogens before and after each use to prevent infection.

Hypnogram: a graphical representation of the stages of sleep across the night.
EEG (Electroencephalogram): measures brain wave activity.
EMG (Electromyogram): measures muscle activity, including bruxism (involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep).
EOG (Electrooculogram): measures eye movements.
ECG (Electrocardiogram): measures heart activity.
Respiratory channels: measure airflow, effort, and oxygen levels.

Transitional Sleep: periods between different sleep stages, characterized by mixed frequency waves and brief arousals.
REM Sleep:
- Increased brain activity.
- Rapid eye movements.
- Muscle atonia.
- Vivid dreaming.
- Fluctuations in heart rate and breathing.