Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does variolation involve?
What does variolation involve?
Who is associated with the development of the smallpox vaccine using cowpox?
Who is associated with the development of the smallpox vaccine using cowpox?
What is described as the first line of defense in the immune system?
What is described as the first line of defense in the immune system?
Which of the following best defines passive immunity?
Which of the following best defines passive immunity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist is known for his work on vaccination against rabies?
Which scientist is known for his work on vaccination against rabies?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines the science of immunology?
What defines the science of immunology?
Signup and view all the answers
What are lymphocytes primarily responsible for?
What are lymphocytes primarily responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immunology field focuses on the body's response to tissue transplants?
Which immunology field focuses on the body's response to tissue transplants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the first lesson in the Medical Immunology course?
What is the primary focus of the first lesson in the Medical Immunology course?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topic is taught by Dr. Asgarian on 9th December 2024?
Which topic is taught by Dr. Asgarian on 9th December 2024?
Signup and view all the answers
When is the lesson on Inflammation scheduled?
When is the lesson on Inflammation scheduled?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following concepts refers to the body's ability to remember past infections?
Which of the following concepts refers to the body's ability to remember past infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the theoretical session topics in the course plan?
Which of the following is NOT one of the theoretical session topics in the course plan?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is the lecturer for the topic on the Structure and Function of Antibodies?
Who is the lecturer for the topic on the Structure and Function of Antibodies?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Latin word 'Immunitas' refer to?
What does the Latin word 'Immunitas' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which publication is among the references listed for this course?
Which publication is among the references listed for this course?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist is associated with the discovery of human blood groups?
Which scientist is associated with the discovery of human blood groups?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Sir F.McFarlane Burnet and Sir P.B.Medawar awarded the Nobel Prize for?
What was Sir F.McFarlane Burnet and Sir P.B.Medawar awarded the Nobel Prize for?
Signup and view all the answers
In what area did N.K.Jerne contribute to immunology?
In what area did N.K.Jerne contribute to immunology?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was recognized for their work on anaphylaxis?
Who was recognized for their work on anaphylaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which Nobel laureate is associated with the development of monoclonal antibodies?
Which Nobel laureate is associated with the development of monoclonal antibodies?
Signup and view all the answers
What discovery is associated with P.Doherty and R.Zinkernagel?
What discovery is associated with P.Doherty and R.Zinkernagel?
Signup and view all the answers
Which researchers were pivotal in the understanding of prostaglandins?
Which researchers were pivotal in the understanding of prostaglandins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significant work associated with R.Yalow?
What is the significant work associated with R.Yalow?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Immunology
- Immunology is the study of the immune system's responses and processes.
- The immune system comprises molecules, cells, and tissues defending the body against pathogens and cancer cells.
- The immune response is the body's coordinated defense against harmful organisms and cancer cells.
Course Plan for Medical Immunology
- The course covers various topics in medical immunology, with specific dates and instructors assigned to each lesson.
- Topics include introduction to immunology, immune cells, immune system organs, antibody structure/function, antigen/antibody reactions, lymphocyte development, MHC, and antigen presentation.
- The course also delves into effector mechanisms of innate immunity, inflammation, the complement system, effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and immunohematology.
References
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology (10th Edition, 2021) by Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai
- Basic Immunology, Functions and Disorders of the Immune System (6th Edition, 2023) by Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai
Session Outlines
- The sessions cover the importance and introduction to immunology.
- Topics include history of immunology, innate and acquired immunity, immunological memory, active and passive immunity.
History of Immunology
- Thucydides (430 BC) observed immunity to diseases.
- Turkish and Chinese practitioners practiced variolation, the intentional inoculation of smallpox material.
- Variolation involved using a lancet to introduce either pulverized dried smallpox scabs or pustule fluid into the skin.
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1718) promoted variolation in England.
- Edward Jenner (1796) developed vaccination using cowpox to prevent smallpox.
- Edward Jenner used cowpox virus, also known as vaccinia virus, to create the first vaccination.
- Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) developed vaccines against rabies, black wounds, and chickenpox.
- Smallpox was officially eradicated in 1980.
Effective Vaccines in Infectious Diseases
- The data show dramatic decreases in cases of various diseases, a result of effective vaccines.
- Specific diseases and their maximum recorded cases (year) alongside 2014 cases count and percentage change are detailed.
Definitions
- Immune System: A network of molecules, cells, and tissues that protects the body.
- Immune Response: The body's coordinated defense against pathogens and cancer cells.
- Immunology: The study of the responses and processes of the immune system
Different Fields of Immunology
- The fields of immunology are vast and encompass areas such as infections, autoimmune diseases, allergies, tumors, transplantation, reproductive immunology, immunotherapy, diagnostic immunology, nutrition, and aging.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Innate Immunity: A rapid, non-specific defense against pathogens.
- Adaptive Immunity: A specific and slower response targeting particular pathogens and capable of developing immunological memory.
Types of Adaptive Immunity
- Humoral Immunity: Mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes.
- Cell-Mediated Immunity: Mediated by T lymphocytes, a type of cell.
Features of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are compared with respect to specificity, diversity, memory, and nonreactivity to self.
- Features include the cellular and chemical barriers, secreted proteins, and various cells involved in each type of immunity.
Development of Adaptive Immune Responses
- Adaptive immune responses involve antigen recognition, lymphocyte activation, differentiation (cell specialization), clonal expansion (cell multiplication), effector elimination, and contraction (regulating homeostasis).
- The responses are typically measured over a period of days.
Specificity, Memory, and Contraction of Adaptive Immune Responses
- This illustrates how immune responses learn to combat disease and improve response over time, a key feature of adaptive immunity.
Active and Passive Immunity
- Active immunity involves an individual's immune system responding to a microbe, creating memory cells.
- Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source, not creating memory cells.
- Both are contrasted based on specificity and memory, with active immunity having both while passive immunity only has specificity.
Immunologists Who Won Nobel Prizes
- A list of notable immunologists, their discoveries, and years are outlined.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of medical immunology in this quiz. Topics include immune system responses, cell types, antibody structure, and immune mechanisms. Perfect for students wishing to test their knowledge and understanding of immunology principles.
