Medical Microbiology and Immunology Chapter 1 Quiz: Overview of the Immune System

Overview of the Immune System

• The immune system's primary function is to prevent or limit infections, fungi, and parasites, such as protozoa and worms.
• The immune system consists of two arms: Innate Immunity and Acquired Immunity.

Innate Immunity vs Acquired Immunity

• Innate Immunity is present since birth, providing immediate but less efficient response to infections.
• Acquired Immunity is more delayed but highly effective, providing specific responses to pathogens upon exposure.
• Innate Immunity is non-specific, whereas Acquired Immunity is specific and directed against certain pathogens.
• Innate Immunity lacks immunological memory, whereas Acquired Immunity develops immunological memory, providing life-long protection.

Characteristics of Innate Immunity

• Innate Immunity interacts with Acquired Immunity through opsonization.
• Main cells involved in Innate Immunity are neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells.

Mechanisms of Innate Immunity

Mechanical Barriers and Surface Secretions

• Intact skin and mucous membranes serve as physical barriers against pathogens.
• Cilia of the respiratory tract, blinking, sneezing, and coughing reflexes help remove pathogens.

Normal Bacterial Flora

• Normal bacterial flora competes with pathogenic bacteria for essential nutrients, limiting their growth.

Other Mechanisms of Innate Immunity

• Additional mechanisms of Innate Immunity are present, but not specified.