Introduction to Immunology PDF

In the Name of God Introduction to Immunology Hossein Asgarian-Omran Ph.D., Prof. of Immunology Dep. of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences...

In the Name of God Introduction to Immunology Hossein Asgarian-Omran Ph.D., Prof. of Immunology Dep. of Immunology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran [email protected] [email protected]  Course plan for Medical Immunology Theoretical Sessions Schedule Lesson No. Theoretical Topic Date Lecturer 1 Introduction to Immunology 12/10/2024 Dr. Asgarian 2 Cells of The Immune System 19/10/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 3 Organs of The Immune System 26/10/2024 Dr. Asgarian 4 Structure and Function of Antibodies 02/11/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 5 Structure and Function of Antigens 09/11/2024 Dr. Asgarian 6 Antigen-Antibody Reactions 16/11/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 7 Development of Lymphocytes 23/11/2024 Dr. Asgarian 8 MHC and Antigen Presentation 30/11/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 9 Effector Mechanisms of Innate Immunity 07/12/2024 Dr. Asgarian 10 Inflammation 14/12/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 11 The Complement System 21/12/2024 Dr. Asgarian 12 Effector Mechanisms of Cell-mediated Immunity 28/12/2024 Dr. Taghiloo 13 Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity 04/01/2025 Dr. Asgarian 14 Immunohematology 11/01/2025 Dr. Taghiloo  References Cellular and Molecular Immunology 10th Edition - 2021 Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, Shiv Pillai Basic Immunology, Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 6th Edition - 2023 Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, Shiv Pilla Session outlines  Introduction and Importance of Immunology  History of Immunology  Innate and Acquired Immunity  Concept of Immunological Memory  Active and Passive Immunity Immunity comes from the Latin word Immunitas  History of Immunology Thucydides in 430 BC. The first immunization experience: Turkish and Chinese scientists Variolation: the intentional inoculation of an individual with smallpox material. Variolation used a lancet or needle to introduce pulverized dried smallpox scabs or pustule fluid into the skin of an individual.  History of Immunology 1718: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu  History of Immunology 1796: Edward Jenner Using cowpox pulverized dried scabs Cowpox virus= vaccinia  History of Immunology Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) Vaccination against rabies, black wounds, chickenpox Effective vaccines in infectious diseases Definitions  Immune System: It consists of molecules, cells and tissues that defend the body against pathogenic organisms and cancer cells under a dynamic network.  Immune Response: The body's coordinated defense response against pathogenic organisms and cancer cells  Immunology: The science of studying the responses and processes of the immune system Different fields of Immunology  (Immunology of Infections)  (Autoimmune Diseases)  (Allergy)  (Immunology of Tumors)  (Immunology of Transplantation)  (Reproductive Immunology)  (Immunotherapy)  (Diagnostic Immunology)  (Immunology of Nutrition)  (Immunology of Aging) .....  Innate and Adaptive Immunity  Innate Immunity: (also called natural immunity or native immunity) is essential for defending against microbes in the first few hours or days after infection. Innate immunity is mediated by mechanisms that are in place even before an infection occurs (hence innate) and are capable of reacting rapidly to invading microbes.  Adaptive Immunity: (also called specific immunity or acquired immunity). The specific immune response is mediated by cells called lymphocytes and their products. Innate and adaptive immunity Types of adaptive immunity Features of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Development of adaptive immune responses Specificity, memory, and contraction of adaptive immune responses  Active and passive Immunity Active immunity is conferred by a host response to a microbe or microbial antigen. Passive immunity is conferred by adoptive transfer of antibodies or T lymphocytes specific for the microbe. Good Luck Immunologists who won Noble prize 1. 1901: E.A. Von Behring (Germany) for the work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria. 2. 1905: R. Koch (Germany) for the investigations concerning tuberculosis. 3. 1908: E. Metchnikoff (Russia) and P. Ehrlich (Germany) for their work on immunity (respectively, phagocytosis/cellular theory and humoral theory). 4. 1913: C.R. Richet (France) for the work on anaphylaxis. 5. 1919: J. Bordet (Belgium) for the discoveries relating to immunity (complement). 6. 1930: K. Landsteiner (Austria/USA) for the discovery of human blood groups. 7. 1951: M. Theiler (South Africa) for the discoveries and developments concerning yellow fever. 8. 1957: D. Bovet (Italy/Switzerland) for the discoveries related to histamine and compounds, which inhibit action of histamine and other substances on the vascular system and the skeleton muscles. 9. 1960: Sir F.McFarlane Burnet (Australia) and Sir P.B. Medawar (Great Britain) for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance. 10. 1972: G.M. Edelman (USA) and R.R. Porter (Great Britain) for their discovery concerning the chemical structure of antibodies. Immunologists who won Noble prize 11. 1977: R. Yalow (USA) for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones. 12. 1980: B. Benacerraf (USA), J. Dausset (France) and G.D. Snell (USA) for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface (major histocompatibility complex) that regulate immunological reactions. 13. 1982: S. K. Bergstrom (Sweden), B. I. Samuelsson (Sweden) and J. R. Vane (UK) for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances. 14. 1984: N.K. Jerne (Denmark/Switzerland) for theories concerning the specificity in development (lymphocyte clonality) and control of the immune system 15. 1984: G.J.F. Köhler (Germany/Switzerland) and C. Milstein (Argentina/Great Britain) for the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. 16. 1987: S. Tonegawa (Japan/USA) for the discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity. 17. 1990: J.E. Murray and E.D. Thomas (USA) for their discovery concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human diseases. 18. 1996: P. Doherty and R. Zinkernagel (USA) for their discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells uncovered the general mechanisms of the immune system to distinguish foreign agents from its own cells and tissues. 19. 2011: B.A. Beutler (USA) and J.A. Hoffmann (France) for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity and R. M. Steinman (USA) for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity 20. 2018: James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation