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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic of living things involves the conversion of energy for growth?
Which characteristic of living things involves the conversion of energy for growth?
Which process is primarily responsible for removing potentially harmful waste from living organisms?
Which process is primarily responsible for removing potentially harmful waste from living organisms?
What term describes the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of organs within the body?
What term describes the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of organs within the body?
Which of the following characteristics of living things relates to their ability to respond to environmental changes?
Which of the following characteristics of living things relates to their ability to respond to environmental changes?
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In what branch of biology would the study of embryos fall?
In what branch of biology would the study of embryos fall?
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What type of movement is exhibited internally by all living organisms?
What type of movement is exhibited internally by all living organisms?
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Which term refers to the study of the form and structure of living organisms?
Which term refers to the study of the form and structure of living organisms?
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What defines the biological field of biotechnology?
What defines the biological field of biotechnology?
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Which branch of biology focuses on the study of microorganisms?
Which branch of biology focuses on the study of microorganisms?
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What is the key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What is the key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following best describes the study of ecology?
Which of the following best describes the study of ecology?
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In the modern six-kingdom classification system, which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms?
In the modern six-kingdom classification system, which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms?
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What does the study of immunobiology primarily focus on?
What does the study of immunobiology primarily focus on?
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Which process is primarily studied in pathology?
Which process is primarily studied in pathology?
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Which branch of biology involves studying the life cycle of fungi?
Which branch of biology involves studying the life cycle of fungi?
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What is the correct order of taxa from most specific to most general in biological classification?
What is the correct order of taxa from most specific to most general in biological classification?
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Study Notes
Medical Biology - Lec 1
- Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy
- The word "biology" comes from Greek: "bios" (life) and "logos" (science or study)
- Biology seeks to understand the functions of organisms, the causes of diseases, potential treatments, ecology, environmental management, and food production
Importance of Biology
- Improved understanding of organism functions.
- Improved knowledge of disease causes.
- Discovery of treatments for diseases.
- Enhanced understanding of ecology.
- Better management strategies for environmental challenges.
- Improved food quality and production.
Characteristics of Living Things
- All living things (animals, plants, bacteria, protists, fungi) exhibit seven essential activities
- Non-living things such as sand, wood, and glass do not perform these activities
- Feeding: All living things obtain substances from their environment to produce energy, grow, and maintain good health.
- Movement: All living things exhibit movement—internal (e.g., movement of substances within the body) or external (e.g., walking, flying, swimming)
- Breathing/Respiration: All living things exchange gases with their environment. Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
- Excretion: Living things expel waste materials that, if retained, could become poisonous. Humans produce urine, and excrete waste products during respiration.
- Growth: Gaining energy from food allows for growth in size and complexity
- Sensitivity/Response to Stimulus: Living things react to changes in their environment (e.g., touch, light, heat, cold, sound)
- Reproduction: Living things produce new organisms of their own kind. (humans, cats, pigeons, and plants all reproduce uniquely).
Branches of Biology
- Biology is divided into two major branches:
- Zoology (study of animals)
- Botany (study of plants)
- Each branch further subdivides into specific fields:
- Morphology: the study of the form and structure of organisms.
- Cytology: the study of cells (at the cellular level)
- Histology: the study of tissues (at the tissue level)
- Embryology: the study of the formation and development of embryos.
- Anatomy: The study of the animal form, especially the human body.
- Biotechnology: Science that deals with biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to create or modify products or processes.
- Cell biology: The study of cells. Includes cells' parts, functions, interactions, and processes.
- Ecology: The study of the relationships between plants, animals, and their environment.
- Immunobiology: The study of the structure of the immune system. Covers innate and acquired immunity, processes of laboratory techniques to explain how antigens interact with specific antibodies.
- Microbiology: The study of microorganisms and their influence on other living things.
- Molecular biology: Study of the structure, function, and formation of essential macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, along with their role in cell replication, transmission of genetic information.
- Mycology: The study of fungi.
- Parasitology: The study of parasites and parasitism.
- Pathology: The study of the nature of diseases, causes, processes, development and consequences.
- Pharmacology: The study of preparation, usage, and effects of synthetic and drug-based medicines.
Taxonomy
- Taxonomy is the science of categorizing organisms based on shared traits and assigning names to these groups.
- Organisms are grouped into taxonomic ranks (e.g., species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain)
- Taxonomic ranks allow for a hierarchical organization of biological organisms.
- The earliest classification system only recognized two kingdoms (plants and animals). As biologists discovered more diverse and microscopic organisms, the number of kingdoms grew with newer information to about six kingdoms currently used that include prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Medical Biology in this introductory lecture. Learn about the characteristics of living organisms, the importance of biology in understanding health and ecology, and the relationships between life processes and disease management. This quiz is essential for anyone interested in the biological sciences.
