Media Framing and Applicability Quiz

Applicability and Subjective Relevance

• Applicability has both objective and subjective components
• Subjective Relevance is influenced by framing effect, which involves choosing the most relevant elements of a situation to convey its gist

Propaganda Model (PM)

• Developed by Herman and Chomsky (1988)
• Examines how ideological and communicative power connect with economic, political, and social power
• Explores the effects of these connections on media output

5 Filters of Media

• Ownership: owner, size, and profit can influence media behavior
• Advertising Revenue: primary source of revenue for most media types and platforms
• Sourcing of News: media cuts costs by relying on sources with intimate relationships with political and corporate sectors
• Flak or Countermeasures: mechanisms to discipline the media, including prior threat, attack and neutralization, and reinforcement of pro-elite opinions
• Anti-Communism as a Control Mechanism: a dominant ideology that provides the ideological oxygen for the propaganda model to operate

Philippine Media Under Different Regimes

• Arroyo's Administration: 83 journalists killed from 2001-2010 (CMFR)
• Pnoy's Regime: 31 press members killed; Benigno Aquino III requested fair coverage from the media, but did not take control of it (Rappler)

Media Theories

• Gatekeeping Theory: media as gatekeepers of news and information
• Agenda-Setting Theory: media's ability to signal to the public what is important
• Intermedia Agenda-Setting: one news source shaping what another news source will consider important
• Agenda-Building: the study of how the news agenda gets shaped
• Priming Effect: shaping the considerations people take into account when making judgments
• Steps in Priming:
  • Information received through a media channel
  • The receiver applies the primed information
  • Recency: accessibility of primed information in people's minds decays over time
  • Repetition: frequency with which nodes in people's memory are primed