Framing Analysis in Media

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Questions and Answers

What does framing in mass communication primarily involve?

  • Providing identical coverage across various media platforms
  • Highlighting certain events and placing them within a specific context (correct)
  • Eliminating all context to promote an objective view
  • Minimizing the importance of events to reduce public concern

What effect does framing have on the perception of reality?

  • It enables an infinite number of realities to coexist (correct)
  • It solely emphasizes physical attributes of events
  • It ignores cultural influences and focuses on facts
  • It restricts reality to a singular interpretation

In the context of media framing, what does 'salient' refer to?

  • Elements that are highlighted or made more prominent (correct)
  • Information that is irrelevant to the understanding of events
  • Details that are unimportant and overlooked
  • Context that remains constant across different platforms

How does framing interact with cultural influences?

<p>Cultural influences help determine how events are framed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of agency as it relates to framing?

<p>The examination of how individual actions influence social structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of discourse according to the provided content?

<p>It engages in social construction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we give meaning to things according to the discussed concepts?

<p>By engaging in discourse and social interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples illustrates social construction?

<p>The concept of time and its perception. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of discourse, power is expressed through which mechanism?

<p>Via the reinforcement of social norms and hegemonies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'framing' refer to in contrast to structuralism?

<p>It focuses on how we perceive and interpret social phenomena. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to misunderstanding and conflict between different social groups?

<p>Parallel existence of different hegemonies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can social constructions change over time?

<p>By collective agreement and interaction among people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes researchers engaged in poststructuralism and discourse analysis?

<p>They conduct politically motivated research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of social constructs like hegemony and discourse?

<p>They can have tangible effects on people's lives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the nature of hegemonies within cultures?

<p>They vary and exist in parallel, sometimes creating tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in framing between the Korean and American articles?

<p>The American article focuses on causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that frequent framing will lead people to accept that frame as truth?

<p>Cultivation theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does context affect the meanings generated by a frame?

<p>Meanings are influenced by when, where, and by whom the frame is produced and shown. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do frames relate to cultural schemas within a society?

<p>Cultural schemas dictate how frames are understood and utilized in communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does power play in communication according to the content?

<p>Power resides in the meanings, messages, and information conveyed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Spiral of Silence theory suggest about societal communication?

<p>Those who agree with a dominant frame will be more vocal, while dissenters will remain silent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does agenda-setting theory influence public perception?

<p>It makes topics framed as important the focus of societal intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the agency of actors when framing messages?

<p>The materials and constraints of reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of hegemony primarily concerned with?

<p>The circulation of ideas through repetition in media. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In poststructuralism, what does the term 'death of the author' refer to?

<p>The insignificance of the author's intentions in shaping meaning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'intersubjective process' imply in the context of poststructuralism?

<p>Understanding is shaped by collective dialogue and consensus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between denotation and connotation in poststructuralism?

<p>Denotation has strict meanings while connotation can vary based on context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to poststructuralist thought, what is a key factor in determining what is accepted as true and real?

<p>The prevailing hegemonic meanings based on social context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'semiology' in the context of poststructuralism?

<p>The exploration of signs as they are used socially. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Antonio Gramsci's view on hegemony differ from traditional Marxist perspectives?

<p>He highlights that social constructs require constant negotiation rather than being fixed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of poststructuralist thought for the interpretation of language?

<p>Understanding language requires looking at both how we speak and the underlying rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Media Framing

The way the media presents information, emphasizing certain aspects and framing it within a specific context, influencing how we interpret events.

Framing

The process of making certain aspects of reality more prominent or less noticeable, influencing our understanding of the situation. It shapes how we see the world and how we interpret what we see.

Natural Frames

Frames that are based on natural laws and scientific principles, such as how a bomb explodes or the physical reactions to a stimulus.

Social Frames

Frames that are influenced by social and political contexts, such as the political climate surrounding a conflict or the cultural norms of a society.

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Agency and Structure

The idea that human actions (agency) shape and are shaped by social structures. It explores the interplay between individual choices and the larger social context.

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Discourse

The way we think, talk, and act about something in society. It's a system of meanings and practices that shapes our understanding of the world.

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Social Construction

The idea that meanings and realities are not fixed, but are actively created and shaped by people through interaction and communication.

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Meaningful Practices

A set of practices that shape how we understand and engage with the world. They might include specific ways of speaking, writing, or behaving.

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Discourse and Power

The idea that discourse can create and maintain power structures, influencing who has control and who is marginalized.

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Analyzing Discourse

The process of understanding how discourses influence our thoughts, actions, and beliefs.

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Reality Limits Framing

The ability of actors to create meaning within a frame is limited by the real-world context and its constraints.

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Meaning Depends on Context

The meaning of a frame is influenced by when and where it was created, presented, and observed.

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Culture in Framing

Shared knowledge, beliefs, and frames of communication that influence a society's understanding of the world.

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Cultivation Theory

The idea that repeated exposure to the same frame will lead people to believe it is the only or most accurate representation of reality.

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Agenda-Setting Theory

The theory that media can influence what people consider important, causing those issues to gain social prominence.

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Spiral of Silence Theory

Suggests that people who hold unpopular views may choose to stay silent due to fear of social isolation.

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The Power of Frames

Frames hold significant power in shaping our understanding of the world and influencing our beliefs.

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Communication and Power

Communication is a highly effective tool for exercising power through the control of meaning, messages, and information.

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Semiology

The study of signs and how they are used in society, including the relationship between the signifier (what we see or hear) and the signified (the meaning we understand).

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Connotation

The process of interpreting signs and symbols in relation to their context, where the signified (meaning) can vary based on the situation.

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Death of the Author

The idea that the author's intent is less important than the reader's interpretation of the text. The meaning of a work is constructed by the audience.

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Hegemony

The dominant ideas and beliefs that shape a society's understanding of the world. These ideas are often taken for granted and seen as natural.

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Intersubjective process

The process of social interaction and negotiation that shapes shared meanings and beliefs. These meanings become hegemonic when they are widely accepted as true.

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Subcultures

Hegemonies that are more localized or specific to smaller groups, representing a particular group's beliefs, values, and practices. They can coexist alongside the dominant hegemony.

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Agency

The ability of individuals or groups to act and make choices within a particular social context. This includes the ability to influence, challenge, and even change existing hegemonic structures.

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Structures

The structures and systems that shape and constrain individual actions and choices. These can include social institutions, economic systems, political structures, and cultural norms.

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Study Notes

Framing Analysis

  • Framing is a theory of mass communication, focusing on how media packages and presents information. Media highlights certain events, placing them in a context to encourage or discourage specific interpretations.

Defining Framing

  • Framing is used frequently in everyday situations, including fake news, manipulation, politics, and everyday debates.
  • Culture and individual viewpoints influence how information is framed in media.
  • A social-scientific theory uses frames to analyze reality by showing how media portray different perspectives.
  • Reality is constructed by presenting or emphasizing certain elements within a frame.

Framing Examples

  • Highlight natural disasters like bombs exploding, noting natural laws governing the explosion. This could be contrasted with a social frame, highlighting political factors or individual actions, making the event more or less impactful.
  • Analyze information with a frame, asking "What is the political context?" and "What is the relevant information?"
  • Frames help select and slice a piece of reality.
  • Situations can be framed from different angles and perspectives creating multiple realities.
  • Ex: Food processing, slaughterhouse: Framing with different angles can be done.

Agency and Structure

  • Framing analysis examines human action within social structures by looking at how social reality is structured.
  • Ex: Palestine and Israel conflict: contrasting depictions of events or of people in the media

Media Tragedy Framing

  • Ex: media portrayal of tragedies, such as the Korean War versus the American War.

Framing in Culture

  • Frames represent common societal perceptions and beliefs. Individuals internalize and utilize frames found in media, culture, and communications.
  • Framing is influenced by media, conversations, and personal observations.

Powerful Framing

  • Framing is a powerful tool for constructing and presenting reality.
  • Repeated depictions of an event or situation through a single frame can lead people to accept that frame as accurate
  • Ex: Framing news events as important or urgent can influence public opinion.

Power of Framing

  • Discourse and Language directly shape our interpretations of social reality.
  • The power of language influences our understanding of social construct and reality.
  • This includes how we talk about and understand events and relationships as well as individual actions and social issues.
  • Discourses and frames impact the interpretation of information and the way people form opinions.

Hegemony

  • Hegemony examines how certain ideas become accepted as true and natural within society.
  • Media's presentation can determine how events are perceived by the public.
  • Hegemony is about influencing social norms and shaping public consciousness, ensuring social constructs are maintained.
  • Hegemony is a source of struggle when some social groups use it to their advantage.
  • Hegemony in social reality is influenced by constant negotiation.

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