Questions and Answers
What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone?
Stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in females and stimulates sperm production in males.
What is the function of Glucagon?
Increases glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
What is glucose also known as?
Blood sugar
What role does Estrogen play in the female body?
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What does Epinephrine do?
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What is Cortisol known for?
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What is Acromegaly?
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What is Gigantism?
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What is Cretinism?
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What causes Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
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What is Hashimoto's disease?
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What is Graves' disease?
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What is Hypercalcemia?
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What is Exophthalmos?
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What is Hyperglycemia?
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What is Hyperinsulinemia?
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What is Gestational diabetes mellitus?
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What does the fructosamine test measure?
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What is human growth hormone (HGH)?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Their Functions
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Linked to estrogen secretion in females and sperm production in males.
- Glucagon (GCG): Hormone from pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose.
- Glucose: Essential energy source for the body, commonly referred to as blood sugar.
- Estrogen (E): Produced by ovaries, crucial for female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation.
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Activates sympathetic nervous system during stress, increases heart rate, and raises blood pressure.
Key Conditions and Disorders
- Cortisol (Hydrocortisone): A corticosteroid that regulates metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
- Acromegaly: Disease marked by extreme enlargement of hands and feet due to excess growth hormone after puberty.
- Gigantism: Abnormal overall growth caused by excess growth hormone before puberty.
- Cretinism: Congenital hypothyroidism leading to significant physical and mental developmental delays if untreated.
Diabetes and Related Conditions
- Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Not related to diabetes mellitus; results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or kidney response.
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes occurring during pregnancy, typically resolving after childbirth but increasing future type 2 diabetes risk.
Thyroid Disorders
- Hashimoto's Disease: An autoimmune disorder where antibodies damage the thyroid gland, often leading to hypothyroidism.
- Graves' Disease: Immune system disorder causing the thyroid to produce excessive hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism and possible goiter and exophthalmos.
Blood Conditions
- Hypercalcemia: Excessive blood calcium can weaken bones and lead to kidney issues.
- Exophthalmos: Eyeballs protrude abnormally from their sockets, often associated with thyroid disorders.
- Hyperglycemia: Abnormally high blood glucose levels, primarily in diabetes; symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), hunger (polyphagia), and urination (polyuria).
- Hyperinsulinemia: Excessive insulin in the bloodstream, potentially causing hypoglycemia.
Diagnostic Tests
- Fructosamine Test: Reflects average glucose levels over the past three weeks; offers quicker assessment than HbA1c test.
- Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Synthetic hormone used to stimulate growth.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Medical Terminology Chapter 13. This chapter focuses on key hormones and their functions in the human body, including Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Glucagon. Perfect for students preparing for exams in health sciences.
