Med Term Chapter 13 Flashcards
19 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone?

Stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in females and stimulates sperm production in males.

What is the function of Glucagon?

Increases glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

What is glucose also known as?

Blood sugar

What role does Estrogen play in the female body?

<p>Important in the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Epinephrine do?

<p>Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, and helps release glucose from the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cortisol known for?

<p>Having anti-inflammatory action and regulating metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Acromegaly?

<p>A chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gigantism?

<p>Abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cretinism?

<p>A congenital form of hypothyroidism that causes arrested physical and mental development if untreated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?

<p>Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or the kidneys' inability to respond to this hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hashimoto's disease?

<p>An autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Graves' disease?

<p>A disorder in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing excessive production of thyroid hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hypercalcemia?

<p>Characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Exophthalmos?

<p>An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperglycemia?

<p>An abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperinsulinemia?

<p>The condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gestational diabetes mellitus?

<p>A form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies and usually disappears after delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fructosamine test measure?

<p>Average glucose levels over the previous 3 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is human growth hormone (HGH)?

<p>A synthetic version of growth hormone administered to stimulate growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormones and Their Functions

  • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Linked to estrogen secretion in females and sperm production in males.
  • Glucagon (GCG): Hormone from pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose.
  • Glucose: Essential energy source for the body, commonly referred to as blood sugar.
  • Estrogen (E): Produced by ovaries, crucial for female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation.
  • Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Activates sympathetic nervous system during stress, increases heart rate, and raises blood pressure.

Key Conditions and Disorders

  • Cortisol (Hydrocortisone): A corticosteroid that regulates metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Acromegaly: Disease marked by extreme enlargement of hands and feet due to excess growth hormone after puberty.
  • Gigantism: Abnormal overall growth caused by excess growth hormone before puberty.
  • Cretinism: Congenital hypothyroidism leading to significant physical and mental developmental delays if untreated.
  • Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Not related to diabetes mellitus; results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or kidney response.
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes occurring during pregnancy, typically resolving after childbirth but increasing future type 2 diabetes risk.

Thyroid Disorders

  • Hashimoto's Disease: An autoimmune disorder where antibodies damage the thyroid gland, often leading to hypothyroidism.
  • Graves' Disease: Immune system disorder causing the thyroid to produce excessive hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism and possible goiter and exophthalmos.

Blood Conditions

  • Hypercalcemia: Excessive blood calcium can weaken bones and lead to kidney issues.
  • Exophthalmos: Eyeballs protrude abnormally from their sockets, often associated with thyroid disorders.
  • Hyperglycemia: Abnormally high blood glucose levels, primarily in diabetes; symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), hunger (polyphagia), and urination (polyuria).
  • Hyperinsulinemia: Excessive insulin in the bloodstream, potentially causing hypoglycemia.

Diagnostic Tests

  • Fructosamine Test: Reflects average glucose levels over the past three weeks; offers quicker assessment than HbA1c test.
  • Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Synthetic hormone used to stimulate growth.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Medical Terminology Chapter 13. This chapter focuses on key hormones and their functions in the human body, including Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Glucagon. Perfect for students preparing for exams in health sciences.

More Like This

Medical Terminology: Endocrine System
10 questions
Medical Terminology 12 Endocrine System
26 questions
Medical Terminology: Heel and Calcium Terms
16 questions
Medical Terminology Ch. 16
19 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser