Mechanisms of Fluoride Varnishes in Tooth Protection
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Questions and Answers

What effect does long-term exposure to CHX have on S. mutans?

  • Decrease in hydrophobicity
  • Increase in sensitivity to antimicrobials
  • Development of resistance to CHX (correct)
  • Enhanced competitive ability with commensal oral streptococci

Which genes were found to be upregulated in the CHX-resistant strain of S. mutans?

  • triclosan and fluoride
  • dltC and dltD (correct)
  • rsV and SM-Cs
  • HA and MIC

What was the main component of enamel mentioned in the text?

  • Daptomycin
  • Hydroxyapatite (correct)
  • Triclosan
  • Clindamycin

What impact did exposure to CHX have on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the four S. mutans strains?

<p>Increased MIC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did RSVs react to daptomycin and clindamycin, according to the text?

<p>Increased resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fitness cost associated with increased tolerance to CHX in strains that develop resistance?

<p>Decreased competitiveness with commensal oral streptococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cariostatic effect of F-varnish believed to be?

<p>Conversion of enamel to fluoroapatite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the oft-cited mechanism of calcium fluoride precipitates not sufficient to explain the long period of efficacy of F-varnishes?

<p>Calcium fluoride precipitates are not long-lasting reservoirs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unknown factor regarding the NaF concentration in F-varnish related to optimal fluoride enamel uptake and anticaries efficacy?

<p>Its optimal concentration for efficacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are known to be effectively targeted by Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash?

<p>Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Chlorhexidine (CHX) act on bacterial cell walls?

<p>Alters cell membrane permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine (CHX)?

<p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the conversion of enamel to fluoroapatite considered an important aspect for the cariostatic effect of F-varnishes?

<p>Fluoroapatite is less susceptible to acid attacks than enamel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported about the effect of F-varnish on S. mutans levels in saliva or dental plaque?

<p><strong>No significant change</strong> in S. mutans levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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