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Mechanisms of Fluoride Varnishes in Tooth Protection

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Mechanisms of Fluoride Varnishes in Tooth Protection

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Questions and Answers

What effect does long-term exposure to CHX have on S. mutans?

Decrease in hydrophobicity

Increase in sensitivity to antimicrobials

Development of resistance to CHX (correct)

Enhanced competitive ability with commensal oral streptococci

Which genes were found to be upregulated in the CHX-resistant strain of S. mutans?

triclosan and fluoride

dltC and dltD (correct)

rsV and SM-Cs

HA and MIC

What was the main component of enamel mentioned in the text?

Daptomycin

Hydroxyapatite (correct)

Triclosan

Clindamycin

What impact did exposure to CHX have on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the four S. mutans strains?

Increased MIC Signup and view all the answers

How did RSVs react to daptomycin and clindamycin, according to the text?

Increased resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the fitness cost associated with increased tolerance to CHX in strains that develop resistance?

Decreased competitiveness with commensal oral streptococci Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cariostatic effect of F-varnish believed to be?

Conversion of enamel to fluoroapatite Signup and view all the answers

Why is the oft-cited mechanism of calcium fluoride precipitates not sufficient to explain the long period of efficacy of F-varnishes?

Calcium fluoride precipitates are not long-lasting reservoirs Signup and view all the answers

What is the unknown factor regarding the NaF concentration in F-varnish related to optimal fluoride enamel uptake and anticaries efficacy?

Its optimal concentration for efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are known to be effectively targeted by Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash?

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative Signup and view all the answers

How does Chlorhexidine (CHX) act on bacterial cell walls?

Alters cell membrane permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known mechanism of action of Chlorhexidine (CHX)?

Inhibition of DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Why is the conversion of enamel to fluoroapatite considered an important aspect for the cariostatic effect of F-varnishes?

Fluoroapatite is less susceptible to acid attacks than enamel Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported about the effect of F-varnish on S. mutans levels in saliva or dental plaque?

No significant change in S. mutans levels Signup and view all the answers