Mechanisms of Evolution and Microevolution

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of the study of evolutionary processes?

  • The genetics of extinct species
  • Changes that occur within populations (correct)
  • Changes that occur within individual organisms
  • The evolution of ecosystems

What is the source of genetic variation in a population?

  • Genetic drift
  • Mutations (correct)
  • Gene flow
  • Non-random mating

What is the term for the change in percentages of alleles within a population?

  • Microevolution (correct)
  • Genetic drift
  • Macroevolution
  • Natural selection

Which of the following processes is most significant in the formation of new species?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genetic variation in a population?

<p>An increase in the population's genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of alleles from one population to another as a result of migration?

<p>Gene flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gene flow on the allele frequencies in a population?

<p>It may change the allele frequencies and increase genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does non-random mating lead to less variation in a population?

<p>Because it leads to a higher proportion of homozygous individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inbreeding on the expression of alleles in a population?

<p>It increases the expression of harmful recessive alleles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of self-fertilization in pea plants?

<p>It occurs if the plant is not able to reproduce sexually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of male caribou sparring with each other?

<p>They increase their chances of mating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gene flow involve?

<p>The movement of genes between populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microevolution

Changes in the frequencies of alleles within a population over time.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, passing on those advantageous traits.

Gene flow

The movement of alleles between populations due to migration.

Evolutionary Processes

The process by which mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection alter the genetic makeup of a population.

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Genetic Variation

Variations in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population.

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Genetic drift

The random changes in allele frequencies within a population, especially in small populations.

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Assortative mating

The mating pattern where individuals prefer to mate with others who have similar genotypes.

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Positive assortative mating

A type of assortative mating where individuals mate with the same genotype as their own, e.g., self-fertilization in plants.

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Negative assortative mating

A type of assortative mating where individuals mate with individuals with different genotypes.

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Inbreeding

The process of mating between closely related individuals, increasing the likelihood of homozygous genotypes.

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Outbreeding

The process of mating between unrelated individuals, decreasing the likelihood of homozygous genotypes.

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Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

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