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What is the primary mechanism proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the fact that all living species were derived from common ancestors?
What is the primary mechanism proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the fact that all living species were derived from common ancestors?
According to Charles Darwin, what is the primary factor that drives sexual selection?
According to Charles Darwin, what is the primary factor that drives sexual selection?
Why does the peacock have such an elaborate tail, despite it decreasing the male's chances of survival?
Why does the peacock have such an elaborate tail, despite it decreasing the male's chances of survival?
What are the two mechanisms of sexual selection recognized by Charles Darwin?
What are the two mechanisms of sexual selection recognized by Charles Darwin?
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What are two major mechanisms for female mate choice?
What are two major mechanisms for female mate choice?
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In species with leks, what do males gather to do?
In species with leks, what do males gather to do?
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What is the Good genes model for female mate choice based on?
What is the Good genes model for female mate choice based on?
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What does the Fisherian arbitrary process propose?
What does the Fisherian arbitrary process propose?
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What is post-copulatory male-male competition known as?
What is post-copulatory male-male competition known as?
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What allows a male to increase reproductive success at the expense of the female?
What allows a male to increase reproductive success at the expense of the female?
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What does sexual selection affect at multiple stages?
What does sexual selection affect at multiple stages?
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What do females gain by choosing males with genetic qualities that increase fitness?
What do females gain by choosing males with genetic qualities that increase fitness?
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What arises due to misaligned genetic interests of males and females?
What arises due to misaligned genetic interests of males and females?
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What allows females to affect the likelihood of sperm from a particular male fertilizing their eggs?
What allows females to affect the likelihood of sperm from a particular male fertilizing their eggs?
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What does the Good genes model suggest females choose in males?
What does the Good genes model suggest females choose in males?
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What does the Fisherian arbitrary process propose female preference can evolve for?
What does the Fisherian arbitrary process propose female preference can evolve for?
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What concept was initially accepted after Darwin's publication?
What concept was initially accepted after Darwin's publication?
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What limits female reproduction according to Bateman's principle?
What limits female reproduction according to Bateman's principle?
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What is the result of strong sexual selection?
What is the result of strong sexual selection?
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What explains the degree and direction of sexual dimorphism?
What explains the degree and direction of sexual dimorphism?
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In species where biparental care is required, what is common in terms of sexual dimorphism?
In species where biparental care is required, what is common in terms of sexual dimorphism?
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What results in reversed sexual dimorphism?
What results in reversed sexual dimorphism?
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What does intrasexual selection lead to?
What does intrasexual selection lead to?
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What results from intersexual selection?
What results from intersexual selection?
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What defines sex roles according to the text?
What defines sex roles according to the text?
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What is the average reproductive success in sexually reproducing species?
What is the average reproductive success in sexually reproducing species?
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What is responsible for the evolution of male armaments and large body size?
What is responsible for the evolution of male armaments and large body size?
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What explains the emergence of sexually monomorphic species in biparental care species?
What explains the emergence of sexually monomorphic species in biparental care species?
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What is an example of sexual conflict in biology?
What is an example of sexual conflict in biology?
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Who are some key authors on sexual selection and conflict?
Who are some key authors on sexual selection and conflict?
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What is an example of intrasexual selection?
What is an example of intrasexual selection?
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What does the demographic transition model predict during the post-industrial stage?
What does the demographic transition model predict during the post-industrial stage?
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What is the chi-squared statistic used for in the text?
What is the chi-squared statistic used for in the text?
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What is sexual selection in biology?
What is sexual selection in biology?
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What is an example of intersexual selection?
What is an example of intersexual selection?
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What is an example of sexual dimorphism?
What is an example of sexual dimorphism?
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What does intrasexual selection involve?
What does intrasexual selection involve?
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What is an example of male reproductive success through behavioral strategy?
What is an example of male reproductive success through behavioral strategy?
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What is an example of genital coevolution?
What is an example of genital coevolution?
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What is an example of traumatic insemination?
What is an example of traumatic insemination?
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What does Hamilton's rule state?
What does Hamilton's rule state?
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What determines sexual selection in male California sea lions?
What determines sexual selection in male California sea lions?
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What does natural selection affect in terms of allele and genotype frequency?
What does natural selection affect in terms of allele and genotype frequency?
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What is the effective population size a measure of?
What is the effective population size a measure of?
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What can Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium be used to calculate?
What can Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium be used to calculate?
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What can be inferred from the observed frequencies of alleles at a gene locus?
What can be inferred from the observed frequencies of alleles at a gene locus?
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What is male-male competition for mates also known as?
What is male-male competition for mates also known as?
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What is the primary factor that drives sexual selection according to Charles Darwin?
What is the primary factor that drives sexual selection according to Charles Darwin?
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What is the result of strong sexual selection?
What is the result of strong sexual selection?
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What is an example of male reproductive success through behavioral strategy?
What is an example of male reproductive success through behavioral strategy?
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What does intrasexual selection involve?
What does intrasexual selection involve?
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What does intersexual selection result from?
What does intersexual selection result from?
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"Sneaker males" provide an example of _________________ selection that results in ________________ traditional patterns of sexual dimorphism.
"Sneaker males" provide an example of _________________ selection that results in ________________ traditional patterns of sexual dimorphism.
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Study Notes
Sexual Selection and Conflict in Biology
- Examples of sexual conflict in biology include traumatic insemination in bed bugs, copulatory grasping in waterstriders, and genital coevolution in waterfowl.
- Key texts on sexual selection and conflict include works by Kirkpatrick (1982), Parker (1970, 1979), Prum (1990), and Zahavi (1975).
- The text also includes content related to biology, such as life's chemical basis, cell structure, DNA function, and evidence of evolution.
- The demographic transition model predicts a decline in population during the post-industrial stage.
- The demographic transition model predicts a decline in population during the post-industrial stage.
- The chi-squared statistic is used to measure the difference in mating patterns in a group of elephant seals.
- Selection in biology is a natural phenomenon where nature decides which organisms thrive in the environment.
- Intrasexual selection involves competition among one sex for mating access to the other, while intersexual selection involves mate choice.
- The scenario involving male A emerging triumphant in agonistic behavior and being chosen by a female illustrates both intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures at play in trait selection.
- Sexual selection occurs when one sex has higher fitness, exhibits sexual dimorphism, or when individuals of one sex choose mates from the other sex based on specific traits.
- Male sunfish engaging in sneaker copulation is an example of intrasexual selection, as sneaker males still denied parental males reproductive success through their behavioral strategy.
- The scenario involving male A emerging triumphant in agonistic behavior and being chosen by a female illustrates both intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures at play in trait selection.
Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics
- Hamilton's rule states that natural selection favors altruistic acts when the benefit to the recipient exceeds the cost to the altruist, corrected for relatedness.
- Male-male competition for mates, also known as intraspecific sexual selection, can lead to the evolution of various sexual traits such as enlarged femurs and mate-guarding behavior.
- Data from a study on black-tailed prairie dogs suggest that alarm calling in females evolved in accordance with kin selection, and males without kin in their home coteries are almost as likely to produce alarm calls as females with kin.
- Sexual selection in male California sea lions is determined by the number of mates they can acquire, with larger territories supporting more females and successful males fasting during mating season to maintain their territories.
- Male deer fight over females to maximize the number of genes they pass on, rather than to determine supremacy or injure other males.
- Natural selection affects allele and genotype frequency by increasing the frequency of advantageous alleles through adaptation.
- An anthropologist discovered a correlation between giving up cannibalism and developing an aversion to grapefruit in Papa New Guinean tribes, linked to the ability to taste bitterness due to a dominant allele.
- In a Papa New Guinean tribe of 637 hens, the frequency of the recessive allele and the number of individuals tasting PTC, heterozygotes, and non-tasters can be calculated.
- In a buffalo herd with 100 mature males and 100 mature females, the effective population size can be determined based on the observed allele frequencies.
- The effective population size is a measure of genetic diversity and is often smaller than the actual population size due to factors such as unequal breeding success.
- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be used to calculate the expected genotype frequencies in the buffalo herd based on the observed allele frequencies.
- The genetic makeup of the buffalo herd can be inferred from the observed frequencies of the fuzzy, shaggy, and rough alleles at the Fuzzy gene locus.
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Description
Explore sexual selection and conflict in biology along with evolutionary biology and population genetics. Dive into topics such as intrasexual and intersexual selection, genetic diversity, allele and genotype frequencies, and key texts by renowned authors. Test your knowledge with questions covering traumatic insemination in bed bugs, mating patterns in elephant seals, and the genetic makeup of buffalo herds.
