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Questions and Answers
What type of axial load causes a material to stretch or elongate?
Which type of load causes a material to compress or shorten?
What is the result of a bending force on a material?
What is the unit of measurement for moments?
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What type of transverse load causes a material to deform by sliding or rotating?
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What is the relationship between a reaction force and an applied force?
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What is an example of a reaction force?
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Which type of load causes a material to deform by bending and/or changing shape?
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Study Notes
Force and Load
Tension
- A type of axial load that causes a material to stretch or elongate
- Results in an increase in length and a decrease in cross-sectional area
- Examples: pulling a rope, stretching a spring
Compression
- A type of axial load that causes a material to compress or shorten
- Results in a decrease in length and an increase in cross-sectional area
- Examples: compressing a spring, squeezing a rubber ball
Bending
- A type of transverse load that causes a material to deform by bending
- Results in a change in shape, but not length
- Examples: bending a beam, flexing a tree branch
Moments
- A measure of the turning effect of a force around a pivot or fulcrum
- Calculated by multiplying the force by the distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force
- Units: Nm (newton-meters) or ft-lbs (foot-pounds)
Shear Force
- A type of transverse load that causes a material to deform by sliding or rotating
- Results in a change in shape, but not length
- Examples: cutting with scissors, torsion on a shaft
Reactions
- Forces that occur in response to an applied load or force
- Equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction to the applied force
- Examples: the upward force of a table on an object, the normal force of a surface on an object
Axial Loads
- Tension causes a material to stretch or elongate, resulting in an increase in length and a decrease in cross-sectional area.
- Examples of tension include pulling a rope and stretching a spring.
Axial Loads
- Compression causes a material to compress or shorten, resulting in a decrease in length and an increase in cross-sectional area.
- Examples of compression include compressing a spring and squeezing a rubber ball.
Transverse Loads
- Bending causes a material to deform by bending, resulting in a change in shape, but not length.
- Examples of bending include bending a beam and flexing a tree branch.
Moments
- A moment is a measure of the turning effect of a force around a pivot or fulcrum.
- Moments are calculated by multiplying the force by the distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.
- Units of measurement for moments include Nm (newton-meters) and ft-lbs (foot-pounds).
Shear Force
- Shear force causes a material to deform by sliding or rotating.
- Shear force results in a change in shape, but not length.
- Examples of shear force include cutting with scissors and torsion on a shaft.
Reactions
- Reactions are forces that occur in response to an applied load or force.
- Reactions are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction to the applied force.
- Examples of reactions include the upward force of a table on an object and the normal force of a surface on an object.
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Description
Quiz about different types of axial loads and their effects on materials, including tension and compression.
