30 Questions
What can induce an autoimmune disease in animals of some sensitive lines?
Injecting them with a certain autoantigen
What can happen when tissues are damaged due to a viral infection affecting a certain organ?
Release of tissuespecific own antigens not normally present in significant quantities
What may be a consequence of an autoimmune response spreading from the epitopes of a virus to the epitopes of its own tissue?
Transition of the antiviral immune response to an autoimmune response
What is a key factor in the development of a chronic autoimmune destructive process according to the text?
Epitopic spread induced by a viral infection
Which scenario describes the epitopic spread concept mentioned in the text?
Immune response targeting virus antigens transitioning to targeting own tissue antigens
What could cause the activation of lymphocytes specific to other epitopes of a protein or tissue?
Tissuespecific own antigens released upon tissue damage
What type of hypersensitivity reaction develops when immune complexes of autoantibodies with various nuclear antigens are deposited on the walls of small vessels?
Type III hypersensitivity
What is the consequence of excessive complement activation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Increased C3a and C5a levels
What effect does C5a have on neutrophils in the context of SLE?
Increases neutrophil expression of CR3
What is the consequence of the aggregation of neutrophils on the walls of small blood vessels in SLE?
Stimulation of vasculitis
What can lead to the occurrence of neutropenia in SLE?
Attachment of neutrophils to capillaries
What is the cause of glomerulonephritis in SLE?
Formation of immune complex deposits on glomerular basement membrane
What is the primary cause of Lyme disease?
A bacterium
Which components of Borrelia bacteria are most commonly associated with the induction of an autoimmune response in Lyme disease?
Polypeptides of flagella and lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls
Which mechanism is responsible for the breakdown of tolerance to its own antigens in Lyme disease?
Molecular mimicry
Which hypothesis explains the initiation of autoimmune disease in Lyme disease?
Hypothesis of molecular mimicry
Which immune components are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in Lyme disease?
Autoreactive T lymphocytes and autoantibodies
Which immune response is triggered due to molecular mimicry in Lyme disease?
Humoral immune response
What are the high levels of autoantibodies in AIDS patients often associated with?
Polyclonal B-cell activation caused by other viruses
What mechanism can provide costimulating signals for autoreactive lymphocytes?
Infectious agents parasitizing intracellularly in the antigen-presenting cells
Which cells most often act as antigen-presenting cells, activating autoreactive lymphocytes?
Dendritic cells
What does the absence of specific mechanisms contributing to peripheral tolerance lead to?
Activation of autoreactive clones of lymphocytes during infection
Which molecules increase in expression on dendritic cells in infected tissue?
Co-stimulators (B7-1, B7-2)
What is presented on the surface of dendritic cells migrating to peripheral lymphoid organs?
Peptide-MHC protein complexes, including infectious and bodily peptides
What is a rare complication of measles vaccination?
An autoimmune lesion of the myelin sheath
Which virus shows a particularly high degree of homology with the main protein of myelin?
Hepatitis B virus
What is the result of immunizing rabbits with a peptide from the hepatitis B virus?
Antibody synthesis and T-lymphocyte proliferation
What type of autoimmune response can be induced by infection with certain viruses?
Autoimmune response to sequestered antigens
What may also influence sensitivity to autoimmune reactions?
The individual's MHC haplotype
What is a possible consequence of certain viruses expressing epitopes with molecular mimicry to the main myelin protein?
The development of multiple sclerosis
Learn about the rare complication of measles vaccination leading to autoimmune lesions in the myelin sheath, potentially triggering multiple sclerosis. Discover how homologous sequences between myelin proteins and various virus-derived peptides may play a role in this process.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
