Meaning of Federalism in Nigerian Government

Meaning of Federalism

• Federalism is a system of government where political powers are shared between the central government and component units, which are state and local governments.

Features of Federalism

• Division of governmental powers between the central government and component units.
• Different levels of government derive their powers from the constitution.
• Adoption of a written constitution.
• The constitution is rigid.
• The constitution is supreme.
• Supremacy of the central government.
• Existence of bicameral legislature.

Reasons for Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria

• Fear of domination by one ethnic group over smaller groups.
• Tribal differences in culture, religion, language, custom, and tradition.
• Protection of minority groups from oppression by the majority group.
• Large geographical size and high population of the country.
• Bringing the government closer to the people through local government.
• Expansion of local markets.

Structure of Government in Nigeria

• Three tiers of government: Federal Government, State Government, and Local Government.
• Federal Government is responsible for handling issues affecting the entire country.
• State Government is responsible for managing affairs within the state.
• Local Government is responsible for administering local areas.

Powers and Duties of Government in Nigeria

• Exclusive list or power: Federal Government has powers over police affairs, currency, foreign affairs, defense, telecommunication, immigration, and emigration.
• Concurrent list or power: Powers shared between Federal Government and State Government, as stipulated by the constitution.