Federalism Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of categorical grants-in-aid?

Formula Grants and Project Grants

What is Federalism?

Governmental power is divided between the federal government and the individual state governments.

In the US Federal System, what is the Federal government responsible for?

Wars and mail delivery

What are the state governments responsible for?

Driver's licenses, hunter's licenses, barber's licenses, dentist's licenses Signup and view all the answers

Do they share any responsibilities? If so, list them here as well.

Taxes Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of Federalism?

Dual and Cooperative Signup and view all the answers

How long did Dual Federalism last?

1788-1937 Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the characteristics of Dual Federalism.

Government power was strictly divided between the state and national governments Signup and view all the answers

Who has more jurisdiction under Dual Federalism?

State Signup and view all the answers

What is a block grant?

A large sum of money given by the national government to a state for a broad purpose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Commerce Clause?

Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that regulates commerce. Signup and view all the answers

Cooperative federalism is also called _____ because it mixes state and federal governments.

Marble Cake Federalism Signup and view all the answers

Dual federalism is called _____ because of its strict division between national and state governments.

Layered Cake Federalism Signup and view all the answers

What 'Deal' brought us Cooperative Federalism?

The New Deal under FDR Signup and view all the answers

What is Regulated Federalism? What are examples of mandates (funded or unfunded) set up by the federal government?

Regulated Federalism involves the national government setting rules for states to follow. Signup and view all the answers

What are Grants-in-Aid?

Federal money given to states for specific purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What form of Federalism did Nixon and Reagan popularize?

New Federalism Signup and view all the answers

What were the national government and state government responsibilities under Dual Federalism?

National responsibilities included internal improvements and regulatory powers; state responsibilities included property laws and public health. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 things New Federalism focuses on?

Block Grants, Devolution, Emphasis on the 10th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

Nixon, Reagan, HW Bush, and Clinton favored New Federalism, but who preferred regulated federalism?

George W. Bush Signup and view all the answers

What type of Federalism do we currently live under?

Not specified in the content Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Categorical Grants-in-Aid

Formula Grants: Funds distributed based on a mathematical formula, typically considering the number of impoverished individuals in a state.
Project Grants: Require states to submit competitive proposals to access funding from a limited pool.

Definition of Federalism

Division of governmental power between the federal government and individual state governments.

Responsibilities of the Federal Government

Conducts wars and manages mail delivery services.

Responsibilities of State Governments

Issues various licenses including drivers, hunters, barbers, and dentists.

Shared Responsibilities

Both federal and state governments have the authority to levy taxes.

Types of Federalism

Dual Federalism and Cooperative Federalism.

Duration of Dual Federalism

Spanned from 1788 to 1937.

Characteristics of Dual Federalism

Clearly defined powers, with distinct separation between state and national government authorities.

Jurisdiction Under Dual Federalism

States retain more jurisdiction compared to the federal government.

Block Grants

Large sums of money allocated by the national government to states for significant projects, such as infrastructure, allowing states the flexibility in spending decisions.

Commerce Clause

Found in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution; empowers the national government to regulate interstate commerce and interacts with state governance.

Cooperative Federalism

Also known as Marble Cake Federalism, blending state and federal responsibilities; in contrast, Dual Federalism is termed Layered Cake Federalism for its strict separation.

Origin of Cooperative Federalism

Emerged from the New Deal under FDR, promoting state compliance with national goals through financial incentives.

Regulated Federalism

The federal government establishes rules that states must follow, which can be funded or unfunded mandates.
Funded Mandates: Financially supported by the federal government (e.g., EPA regulations).
Unfunded Mandates: Require adherence without allocated funds from the federal government (e.g., OSHA regulations).

Grants-in-Aid

Federal funds provided to states to encourage the adoption of specific policies, often aimed at creating compliance through fiscal incentives.

New Federalism

Promoted by Nixon and Reagan, focusing on reducing federal authority and giving more power to state and local governments.

Responsibilities Under Dual Federalism

National Responsibilities: Manage internal improvements, public lands, patents, tariffs, and currency control.
State Responsibilities: Oversee property laws, inheritance laws, commercial and banking laws, public health, local governance, education, and licensing professions.

Focus of New Federalism

Emphasizes block grants, devolution to state and local governments, and adherence to the 10th Amendment regarding powers reserved for states.

Preference of Different Presidential Administrations

Nixon, Reagan, Bush Sr., and Clinton supported New Federalism, while George W. Bush favored Regulated Federalism.

Current Federalism

The nature of federalism practiced today is not specified in the available texts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on federalism with these informative flashcards. Learn about categorical grants-in-aid, including formula and project grants, as well as the foundational concepts of federalism. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of governmental structures.