MCB 3020 General Microbiology Practice Test: Exams 3 and 4

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Which membrane of the host cell is involved in the formation of the envelope of herpes viruses?

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrial

Plasma (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

What type of molecule is most commonly found on the surface of animal viruses for interacting with host cell receptors?

Glycolipid

Glycoprotein (correct)

Lipoprotein

Phospholipid

Which type of virus does not use RNA as its genome?

Poxvirus (correct)

Picornavirus

Rhabdovirus

Retrovirus

What is the term for a viral infection in which the virus remains dormant for a period before becoming active again?

Latent Signup and view all the answers

How does phage T4 protect its DNA from cleavage by host restriction enzymes?

By substituting glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine for cytosine Signup and view all the answers

Is integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome required for lysogeny?

Always Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is required for the establishment and maintenance of lysogeny in cells infected with the temperate bacteriophage lambda?

Lambda repressor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the latent form of a bacteriophage genome that exists when a phage establishes lysogeny?

Prophage Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteriophages only exhibit lytic replication cycles?

Virulent Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of C.G+C content in the bacterial genome?

It is similar to the rest of the genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator in the lungs?

To move trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the skin surface (epidermis) in relation to microorganisms?

It is a very favorable environment for colonization Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cervical mucus in relation to bacteria?

It has antibacterial activity Signup and view all the answers

What are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) examples of?

Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the B subunit in AB toxins?

To bind to host cell receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is not a way in which fever augments the host's defenses?

Inhibition of growth by increasing the availability of iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?

They play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the replicative form of phage phiX174?

Direct the synthesis of minus-stranded DNA and plus-stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of turbulent airflow in the lungs?

To deposit airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which group of viruses is responsible for causing severe diarrhea, resulting in over 600,000 deaths worldwide annually?

Rotaviruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of almost all known plant viruses?

They are RNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

For bacteriophage to be released from the host by a lysis mechanism, what is required?

Enzymes that damage the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What molecule must retroviruses first make in order to complete an infection?

dsDNA Signup and view all the answers

What is an organism that can cause disease in the host after direct interaction?

Primary pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What are inanimate materials involved in pathogen transmission called?

Fomites Signup and view all the answers

What does infection specifically refer to?

The multiplication of a pathogen on or within a host Signup and view all the answers

What are pathogenicity islands typically associated with?

Genes encoding rRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Diphtheria?

Fecal-oral route Signup and view all the answers

A propagated epidemic is characterized by:

Person-to-person transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic dose of an antimicrobial drug?

The concentration that produces the desired clinical effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of a drug?

It is the lowest concentration that kills a particular pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of a bacteriostatic drug?

Inhibiting microbial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

The ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a propagated epidemic?

Legionnaires' disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Lyme disease?

Vector-borne Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false about the formation of the envelope of herpes viruses?

The host cell nuclear membrane is involved in the formation of the envelope Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reactivated form of chickenpox?

Herpes zoster Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of Legionella pneumophila in the human body?

In alveolar macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the rash associated with German measles?

An immunological reaction to the virus Signup and view all the answers

How is diphtheria typically treated?

With antitoxin and antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with measles?

Koplik's spots Signup and view all the answers

Why is Legionnaires' disease named as such?

It was first identified at a convention of the American Legion Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogens do not stimulate cell-mediated immunity as effectively as attenuated pathogens?

Inactivated pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the virus that causes chickenpox?

Varicella Signup and view all the answers

When is an infection considered nosocomial?

When it develops clinical symptoms during the patient's stay in a health care facility Signup and view all the answers