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BMS2037 Cellular Microbiology and Virology: Virus Life Cycle Overview
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BMS2037 Cellular Microbiology and Virology: Virus Life Cycle Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which process is responsible for virus budding by cellular exocytosis?

  • Apoptosis
  • Cell lysis
  • Vesicular transport (correct)
  • Membrane fission
  • What is responsible for directing assembly and budding of HIV at the cell membrane?

  • Autophagy
  • Exosomes
  • Viral proteins inducing rupture of the cell membrane
  • Envelope proteins (correct)
  • Which type of viral egress involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?

  • Naked virus egress
  • Exosome release
  • Non-lytic viral egress (correct)
  • Lytic viral egress
  • What can antivirals target in order to inhibit many steps of viral transmission?

    <p>Viral envelope proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the viral life cycle does the attachment to host cells occur?

    <p>Inoculation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step occurs during the penetration phase of the viral life cycle?

    <p>Virus entry and uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the manufacture of viral components take place in the viral life cycle?

    <p>Maturation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the assembly step in the viral life cycle?

    <p>Virus particles (virions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the viral life cycle do new virus particles (virions) increase before release occurs?

    <p>Maturation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does replication of the genetic material occur for dsDNA viruses like Herpes simplex viruses?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus replication is characterized by a cytoplasmic-only process with no DNA form?

    <p>DsRNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for replicating the genetic material in Retroviruses?

    <p>Reverse Transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus replication can occur either in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus?

    <p>Ss (-) RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does viral assembly typically happen in an infected cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of virus release and transmission for enveloped viruses?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infection was associated with microcephaly in infants during the Brazil epidemic of 2016?

    <p>Zika virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor initiates the penetration of viral particles into cells during virus entry?

    <p>Entry receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are RNA viruses considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

    <p>Their molecular biology does not involve DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the replication of genetic material in dsDNA gapped viruses?

    <p>DNA dependent DNA polymerase encoded by host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle plays a role in viral assembly and maturation for enveloped viruses?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viral proteins responsible for directing assembly and budding are not involved in membrane curvature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exosomes are not associated with non-lytic viral egress.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antivirals can target only one step in the viral transmission process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIV Budding Assembly is unrelated to the formation of lentivirus nucleocapsid linked to the budding process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the maturation phase of the viral life cycle, new virus particles (virions) are formed before release occurs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viruses can 'grow' in the same way as cells do.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The attachment phase of the viral life cycle involves the manufacture of viral components such as viral proteins and new genetic materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viruses rely on their host cell to provide the necessary tools for their replication and assembly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viral egress by the formation of double-membrane vesicles is a characteristic of all types of viruses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penetration phase of the viral life cycle occurs after the manufacture of viral proteins and genetic materials.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All viruses on the planet follow the rule of making mRNA that can be read by host ribosomes, with no known exception?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm is an easy environment for viruses to penetrate due to its spacious nature?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Retroviruses can bind to 16 different receptors?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flaviviruses like Zika virus replicate their genetic material in the cell nucleus?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herpes simplex viruses utilize DNA dependent RNA polymerase encoded by host cells for replication of their genetic material?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virus budding by cellular exocytosis involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All (+) RNA is mRNA?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Influenza virus, a ss (-) RNA virus, can replicate its genetic material in both cytoplasmic and nuclear environments?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virus assembly and budding typically occur in the cell membrane?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA viruses are considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology because their molecular biology does not involve DNA?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viral genomes can fall into any of the seven classes of viral genomes based on their structure?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viral release by cellular exocytosis often involves the use of the secretory pathway for assembly, maturation, and egress from the cell?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Dr. Marine Petit discusses virus life cycle in the context of cellular microbiology and virology.
    • A virus is not capable of independent growth and replication; it depends on the host cell for these functions.
    • Virus life cycle consists of attachment and entry, protein translation, genome replication, and virus assembly and release.
    • Virus attachment and entry is facilitated by recognition of attachment and entry receptors by glycoproteins on the surface of the virus.
    • Uncoating occurs in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus, and can be facilitated by the hijacking of the microtubule network.
    • Virus protein translation is carried out using the host cell's translation machinery.
    • Virus genomes are diverse and include DNA and RNA forms, each with unique replication strategies.
    • dsDNA viruses have DNA-dependent DNA and RNA polymerases encoded by the host cells for genome replication.
    • RNA viruses have RNA-dependent RNA polymerases encoded by the virus for replication.
    • Virus assembly occurs in the infected cell, with viral factories being created using the membrane.
    • Virus release and transmission can occur through cellular exocytosis, lytic or non-lytic methods, and cell-to-cell contact.
    • Antivirals can target various stages of the virus life cycle for inhibition.
    • Understanding viruses requires knowledge of cell biology and molecular biology, and virology is an integrative science.

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    Related Documents

    Virus_Life_cycle.pdf

    Description

    This lecture overview covers the introduction to virus life cycle, including virus entry and uncoating, virus protein translation, genome replication, virus assembly, virus release and transmission. It emphasizes the dependency of viruses on host cells and the need for understanding cell biology and molecular biology to comprehend viruses.

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