Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which process is responsible for virus budding by cellular exocytosis?
Which process is responsible for virus budding by cellular exocytosis?
- Apoptosis
- Cell lysis
- Vesicular transport (correct)
- Membrane fission
What is responsible for directing assembly and budding of HIV at the cell membrane?
What is responsible for directing assembly and budding of HIV at the cell membrane?
- Autophagy
- Exosomes
- Viral proteins inducing rupture of the cell membrane
- Envelope proteins (correct)
Which type of viral egress involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?
Which type of viral egress involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?
- Naked virus egress
- Exosome release
- Non-lytic viral egress (correct)
- Lytic viral egress
What can antivirals target in order to inhibit many steps of viral transmission?
What can antivirals target in order to inhibit many steps of viral transmission?
During which phase of the viral life cycle does the attachment to host cells occur?
During which phase of the viral life cycle does the attachment to host cells occur?
What step occurs during the penetration phase of the viral life cycle?
What step occurs during the penetration phase of the viral life cycle?
When does the manufacture of viral components take place in the viral life cycle?
When does the manufacture of viral components take place in the viral life cycle?
What is formed during the assembly step in the viral life cycle?
What is formed during the assembly step in the viral life cycle?
In which phase of the viral life cycle do new virus particles (virions) increase before release occurs?
In which phase of the viral life cycle do new virus particles (virions) increase before release occurs?
In which organelle does replication of the genetic material occur for dsDNA viruses like Herpes simplex viruses?
In which organelle does replication of the genetic material occur for dsDNA viruses like Herpes simplex viruses?
Which type of virus replication is characterized by a cytoplasmic-only process with no DNA form?
Which type of virus replication is characterized by a cytoplasmic-only process with no DNA form?
What is the enzyme responsible for replicating the genetic material in Retroviruses?
What is the enzyme responsible for replicating the genetic material in Retroviruses?
Which type of virus replication can occur either in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus?
Which type of virus replication can occur either in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus?
Where does viral assembly typically happen in an infected cell?
Where does viral assembly typically happen in an infected cell?
What is the primary mode of virus release and transmission for enveloped viruses?
What is the primary mode of virus release and transmission for enveloped viruses?
Which viral infection was associated with microcephaly in infants during the Brazil epidemic of 2016?
Which viral infection was associated with microcephaly in infants during the Brazil epidemic of 2016?
What type of receptor initiates the penetration of viral particles into cells during virus entry?
What type of receptor initiates the penetration of viral particles into cells during virus entry?
Why are RNA viruses considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
Why are RNA viruses considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
What is responsible for the replication of genetic material in dsDNA gapped viruses?
What is responsible for the replication of genetic material in dsDNA gapped viruses?
Which organelle plays a role in viral assembly and maturation for enveloped viruses?
Which organelle plays a role in viral assembly and maturation for enveloped viruses?
Viral proteins responsible for directing assembly and budding are not involved in membrane curvature.
Viral proteins responsible for directing assembly and budding are not involved in membrane curvature.
Exosomes are not associated with non-lytic viral egress.
Exosomes are not associated with non-lytic viral egress.
Antivirals can target only one step in the viral transmission process.
Antivirals can target only one step in the viral transmission process.
HIV Budding Assembly is unrelated to the formation of lentivirus nucleocapsid linked to the budding process.
HIV Budding Assembly is unrelated to the formation of lentivirus nucleocapsid linked to the budding process.
During the maturation phase of the viral life cycle, new virus particles (virions) are formed before release occurs.
During the maturation phase of the viral life cycle, new virus particles (virions) are formed before release occurs.
Viruses can 'grow' in the same way as cells do.
Viruses can 'grow' in the same way as cells do.
The attachment phase of the viral life cycle involves the manufacture of viral components such as viral proteins and new genetic materials.
The attachment phase of the viral life cycle involves the manufacture of viral components such as viral proteins and new genetic materials.
Viruses rely on their host cell to provide the necessary tools for their replication and assembly.
Viruses rely on their host cell to provide the necessary tools for their replication and assembly.
Viral egress by the formation of double-membrane vesicles is a characteristic of all types of viruses.
Viral egress by the formation of double-membrane vesicles is a characteristic of all types of viruses.
The penetration phase of the viral life cycle occurs after the manufacture of viral proteins and genetic materials.
The penetration phase of the viral life cycle occurs after the manufacture of viral proteins and genetic materials.
All viruses on the planet follow the rule of making mRNA that can be read by host ribosomes, with no known exception?
All viruses on the planet follow the rule of making mRNA that can be read by host ribosomes, with no known exception?
The cytoplasm is an easy environment for viruses to penetrate due to its spacious nature?
The cytoplasm is an easy environment for viruses to penetrate due to its spacious nature?
Retroviruses can bind to 16 different receptors?
Retroviruses can bind to 16 different receptors?
Flaviviruses like Zika virus replicate their genetic material in the cell nucleus?
Flaviviruses like Zika virus replicate their genetic material in the cell nucleus?
Herpes simplex viruses utilize DNA dependent RNA polymerase encoded by host cells for replication of their genetic material?
Herpes simplex viruses utilize DNA dependent RNA polymerase encoded by host cells for replication of their genetic material?
Virus budding by cellular exocytosis involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?
Virus budding by cellular exocytosis involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles?
All (+) RNA is mRNA?
All (+) RNA is mRNA?
Influenza virus, a ss (-) RNA virus, can replicate its genetic material in both cytoplasmic and nuclear environments?
Influenza virus, a ss (-) RNA virus, can replicate its genetic material in both cytoplasmic and nuclear environments?
Virus assembly and budding typically occur in the cell membrane?
Virus assembly and budding typically occur in the cell membrane?
RNA viruses are considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology because their molecular biology does not involve DNA?
RNA viruses are considered an exception to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology because their molecular biology does not involve DNA?
Viral genomes can fall into any of the seven classes of viral genomes based on their structure?
Viral genomes can fall into any of the seven classes of viral genomes based on their structure?
Viral release by cellular exocytosis often involves the use of the secretory pathway for assembly, maturation, and egress from the cell?
Viral release by cellular exocytosis often involves the use of the secretory pathway for assembly, maturation, and egress from the cell?
Study Notes
- Dr. Marine Petit discusses virus life cycle in the context of cellular microbiology and virology.
- A virus is not capable of independent growth and replication; it depends on the host cell for these functions.
- Virus life cycle consists of attachment and entry, protein translation, genome replication, and virus assembly and release.
- Virus attachment and entry is facilitated by recognition of attachment and entry receptors by glycoproteins on the surface of the virus.
- Uncoating occurs in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus, and can be facilitated by the hijacking of the microtubule network.
- Virus protein translation is carried out using the host cell's translation machinery.
- Virus genomes are diverse and include DNA and RNA forms, each with unique replication strategies.
- dsDNA viruses have DNA-dependent DNA and RNA polymerases encoded by the host cells for genome replication.
- RNA viruses have RNA-dependent RNA polymerases encoded by the virus for replication.
- Virus assembly occurs in the infected cell, with viral factories being created using the membrane.
- Virus release and transmission can occur through cellular exocytosis, lytic or non-lytic methods, and cell-to-cell contact.
- Antivirals can target various stages of the virus life cycle for inhibition.
- Understanding viruses requires knowledge of cell biology and molecular biology, and virology is an integrative science.
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Description
This lecture overview covers the introduction to virus life cycle, including virus entry and uncoating, virus protein translation, genome replication, virus assembly, virus release and transmission. It emphasizes the dependency of viruses on host cells and the need for understanding cell biology and molecular biology to comprehend viruses.
