Questions and Answers
What are the Kinematics Equations used for?
What are the units of the force of gravity between two objects?
N*m²/kg²
What is the definition of kinetic friction?
Not provided
What is static friction?
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Describe the velocity characteristics in uniform circular motion.
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Describe the characteristics of centripetal acceleration.
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What is the concept of centripetal force?
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What is the formula for torque?
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What is the SI unit for kinetic energy?
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What is the definition of work?
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What is gravitational potential energy?
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What does the conservation of energy state?
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What is the SI unit for power?
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How is momentum measured?
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What does the conservation of momentum refer to?
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What defines a completely inelastic collision?
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What is Hooke's law?
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What is the relationship between angular frequency and mass and spring?
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What is the potential energy of a spring?
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What is the formula for restoring force in a pendulum?
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What units are used for density?
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What does specific gravity indicate?
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Study Notes
Kinematics Equations
- Fundamental equations that describe motion, relating displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
Force of Gravity Between Two Objects
- Gravitational force formula: F = G * (m₁ * m₂) / r².
- Universal gravitational constant, G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg².
Kinetic Friction
- The force opposing the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other.
- Depends on the normal force and the coefficients of friction.
Static Friction
- The force preventing two surfaces from sliding past each other.
- Generally greater than kinetic friction, enabling objects to resist initial motion.
Uniform Circular Motion - Velocity
- Velocity is tangential to the circular path.
- Continuously changing direction while maintaining constant speed.
Centripetal Acceleration
- Directed towards the circle's center, ensuring circular motion.
- Given by the formula a_c = v²/r, where v is the velocity and r is the radius.
Centripetal Force
- Net force acting towards the center of the circular path required for uniform circular motion.
- Formula: F_c = m * a_c, where m is mass and a_c is centripetal acceleration.
Torque
- Rotational force that causes an object to rotate about an axis.
- Calculated as τ = r * F * sin(θ), where r is the distance from the pivot, F is the force, and θ is the angle between the force and lever arm.
Work-Energy Theorem
- Work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
- Work is calculated as W = F * d * cos(θ), where d is displacement.
Kinetic Energy
- Energy possessed by a moving object, quantified as KE = ½ mv².
- SI unit: Joule (J), where 1 J = 1 kg·m²/s².
Work
- Work is done when a force causes displacement.
- Maximum work occurs when the force is aligned or opposed to the direction of displacement.
Gravitational Potential Energy
- Energy stored due to an object's position in a gravitational field.
- Given by the formula PE = m * g * h, where h is the height above a reference point.
Conservation of Energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
- Total energy in an isolated system remains constant.
Power
- Rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
- SI unit: Watt (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s.
Momentum
- Quantity of motion an object possesses, calculated as p = m * v.
- Measured in kg·m/s.
Conservation of Momentum
- Total momentum before a collision equals total momentum after, applicable in elastic and inelastic collisions.
Completely Inelastic Collision
- Collisions where objects stick together post-collision, resulting in maximum kinetic energy loss.
Hooke's Law
- Describes elastic behavior of springs: F = -k * x, where k is spring constant and x is displacement.
- Restoring force acts in the opposite direction of displacement.
Simple Harmonic Motion - Period/Frequency
- Period (T) defines the time for one complete cycle, frequency (f) is the number of cycles per second.
Simple Harmonic Motion - Angular Frequency - Mass and Spring
- Angular frequency (ω) is defined by ω = √(k/m), independent of amplitude (x).
Simple Harmonic Motion - Elastic Potential Energy of a Spring
- Potential energy stored in a spring: PE_s = ½ k * x².
- Energy converts to kinetic energy upon release.
Simple Harmonic Motion - Angular Frequency - Pendulum
- Pendulum's angular frequency: ω = √(g/L), where g is acceleration due to gravity and L is the length of the pendulum.
Simple Harmonic Motion - Restoring Force - Pendulum
- Restoring force acts tangential to the pendulum's arc, proportional to the mass and sine of the angle of displacement.
Density
- Mass density is defined as mass per unit volume.
- Units expressed as kg/m³.
Specific Gravity
- Ratio of a substance's density to the density of water.
- Determines whether an object sinks or floats; if specific gravity > 1, it will sink.
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Test your knowledge of key physics concepts and equations relevant for the MCAT. These flashcards cover essential topics such as kinematics, forces, and types of friction. Ideal for students preparing for the medical college admission test.
