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Questions and Answers

Which type of vision are rods specialized for?

  • Day vision
  • Central vision
  • Peripheral vision
  • Night vision (correct)

Which type of vision are cones specialized for?

  • Night vision
  • Day vision (correct)
  • Peripheral vision
  • Central vision

Which type of photoreceptor has higher sensitivity to scattered light?

  • Photosensitive ganglion cells
  • Cones
  • Both rods and cones
  • Rods (correct)

Which type of photoreceptor has higher acuity?

<p>Cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is present in rods?

<p>Rhodopsin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is present in cones?

<p>Photopsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pigment is sensitive to a different part of the visible spectrum?

<p>Photopsin type II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the retina are responsible for night vision?

<p>Rods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cones in the retina?

<p>Detecting detail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the retina has the highest visual acuity?

<p>Central fovea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of cones to ganglion cells in the central fovea?

<p>1:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many rods are there in each retina?

<p>100 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?

<p>Cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ganglion cells in the retina?

<p>Transmitting neural signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the retina use electrotonic potentials instead of action potentials to move current along their membranes?

<p>Cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of horizontal cells in the retina?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ganglion cells in the retina?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of color blindness affects both men and women equally?

<p>Blue color blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic disc in the eye?

<p>Point where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium channels in photoreceptors in response to light?

<p>They close (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the receptor potential in rods compared to cones?

<p>Rods have a longer duration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are involved in the direct pathway from rods to bipolar cells to amacrine cells to ganglion cells?

<p>Amacrine cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amacrine cells?

<p>To analyze visual signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells project to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus?

<p>P cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are more sensitive to low contrast black and white stimuli?

<p>M cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of amacrine cells?

<p>Ganglion cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells release inhibitory transmitters such as GABA or glycine?

<p>Amacrine cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do some amacrine cells respond strongly to?

<p>Onset of the visual signal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do some amacrine cells respond to?

<p>Extinguishment of the signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic cup?

<p>To depress the optic disc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for color vision in the retina?

<p>Cones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of cones to ganglion cells in the central fovea?

<p>1:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

<p>Night vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fovea in the retina?

<p>Detecting detail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of greatest visual acuity in the retina?

<p>Cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many rods are there in each retina?

<p>100 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must light pass through to activate light-sensitive rods and cones in the retina?

<p>Neural elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vision are rods specialized for?

<p>Night vision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amacrine cells?

<p>To enhance contrast and detect motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the retina use electrotonic potentials instead of action potentials to move current along their membranes?

<p>Amacrine cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic disc in the eye?

<p>To serve as the exit point for the optic nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pigment is sensitive to a different part of the visible spectrum?

<p>Photopsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of cones to ganglion cells in the central fovea?

<p>1:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium channels in photoreceptors in response to light?

<p>They close, preventing sodium ions from entering the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of color blindness affects both men and women equally?

<p>Tritanomaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic disc in the eye?

<p>To serve as the exit point for ganglion cell axons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the receptor potential in rods compared to cones?

<p>Rods have a longer receptor potential duration than cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the retina use electrotonic potentials instead of action potentials to move current along their membranes?

<p>Horizontal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amacrine cells in the retina?

<p>To enhance visual contrast through lateral inhibition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium channels in photoreceptors in response to light?

<p>They close, causing hyperpolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of photoreceptor has higher sensitivity to scattered light?

<p>Rods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the retina release inhibitory transmitters such as GABA or glycine?

<p>Amacrine cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells project to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus?

<p>P cells (parvocellular cells) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are more sensitive to low contrast black and white stimuli?

<p>M cells (magnocellular cells) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells respond strongly to the onset of the visual signal?

<p>Some amacrine cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells respond to the extinguishment of the visual signal?

<p>Some amacrine cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells respond to movement of a light signal across the retina?

<p>Some amacrine cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are sensitive to specific directions of motion or orientation?

<p>Some ganglion cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are sensitive to increases or decreases in light?

<p>Some ganglion cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are sensitive to fine detail?

<p>Some ganglion cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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