Matthayom Sueksa 3 Science Curriculum
64 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is DNA?

A molecule that carries the genetic information for the development of living organisms.

Describe the structure of DNA.

It is like a twisted ladder called a double helix with two long strands of nucleotides coiled around each other.

What are the functions of DNA?

Genetic information storage, protein synthesis, genetic inheritance, gene regulation, DNA replication, DNA repair, and evolutionary history.

What is the first step in the gene expression process?

<p>Transcription, which is the creation of messenger RNA (mRNA) using the DNA sequence of a gene as a template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA important?

<p>DNA is important because it carries the genetic information that determines the traits and characteristics of living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of traits and heredity explained in Unit I?

<p>Traits, genes, heredity, fertilization, chromosomes, DNA structures, phenotype, punnett square, allele, cell division, genetic disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Chapter 6 in Unit III?

<p>Sun-Earth-Moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical Equations involve the transformation of substances into different products.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main instruments used to measure current, voltage, and resistance in Chapter 9 are ________.

<p>SI units</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical property of an acid?

<p>Taste sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions?

<p>Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are produced when base is mixed with water?

<p>Hydroxide ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pH of acid is less than 7 and the pH of base is greater than 7.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of acid and base indicator are litmus paper, beetroot, and turmeric?

<p>Natural indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is acidic?

<p>Lemon juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

<p>R-COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some physical properties of carboxylic acids?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carboxylic acids are ______ acids.

<p>weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Decarboxylation involves the elimination of a water molecule from the carboxyl group.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for esters?

<p>RCOOR'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some properties of esters?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Esters can be synthesized through the reaction between a carboxylic acid and ______.

<p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a conductor serve in a circuit?

<p>Allows the current to travel from one point to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of circuit do components function even if one component breaks down?

<p>Parallel Circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

State Ohm’s Law in one sentence.

<p>Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transverse wave?

<p>Transverse wave is a wave that has vibrations in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of a longitudinal wave?

<p>Compression and rarefaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a transverse wave.

<p>Ripples on the surface of the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior of wave shown in the diagram?

<p>It’s a reflection of wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of decibels?

<p>Decibels is the relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Doppler effect?

<p>The increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards (or away from) each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and speed is 440 m/s in a given medium.

<p>2 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the refractive index?

<p>The refractive index describes how fast light travels through the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reflection?

<p>Reflection is when a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of lenses?

<p>Converging and diverging lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary colors?

<p>Primary colors are red, yellow and blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rays does the additive color system use?

<p>Transmitted light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the color spectrum of additive color system.

<p>Additive color system has large and visible spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of radio waves?

<p>Radio waves have wavelength of &gt;10.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of radio waves?

<p>Radio waves have frequency of &lt; 3x10^9.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radio wave?

<p>Radio wave is a type of electromagnetic radiation with the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of radio wave applications.

<p>Long distance communication, television, FM and AM radio broadcast, military communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures of the chromosome?

<p>DNA, sister chromatids, centromere and telomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of chromosomes?

<p>Autosomal chromosomes and sex chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

<p>Interphase and M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of interphase?

<p>Gap 1 Phase, Synthesis Phase and Gap 2 Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an allele?

<p>One of the pair of genes located at a specific chromosome location</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of complex inheritance pattern?

<p>Codominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

<p>It is caused by abnormal hemoglobin protein in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of inheritance of hemophilia A?

<p>The mode of inheritance of hemophilia A is x-linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

<p>It is called Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

<p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases is paired with adenine?

<p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the diagram used to predict the possible combination of alleles?

<p>Punnet square</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder happens when there is an abnormal hemoglobin protein in the red blood cells?

<p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complementary DNA strand for the given strand of DNA: C G T A A G C G C?

<p>G C A T T C G C G</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the missing bases in the sequence of DNA: G A T T A C A __ __ C T A A __ __ T T G?

<p>G A T T A C A G G C T A A T A T T G</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following DNA sequence is undergoing transcription. What are the appropriate bases on the DNA and RNA: A T __ C __ G __ __ T __ __ A __ G __ U C __?

<p>A U A C G C G C A U U A C G A U C G</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures of chromosomes with the words: chromatid, chromosomes, DNA, centromere, telomere, nucleus:

<p>chromatid = A single DNA molecule linked to a chromosome chromosomes = Thread-like structures composed of DNA and proteins DNA = Genetic material containing instructions for cell development centromere = Region where two sister chromatids are joined telomere = Ends of chromosomes that protect genetic information nucleus = Center of a cell where genetic material is stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the Punnet square, determine the genotype and phenotype ratios of two heterozygous tall pea plants given that the allele for tall plants is dominant.

<p>Genotype ratio: 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt; Phenotype ratio: 3 tall : 1 short</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of acid according to Arrhenius?

<p>Substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is vinegar acidic?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does litmus paper indicate an acid?

<p>If the substance is acidic, the blue litmus paper turns red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pOH of a substance if the pH is 3.75?

<p>10.25</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

UNIT Genetics and Heredity

1.1 DNA and Genes

  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and genes are related to the genetic information of living organisms.
  • DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic information for the development of living organisms.
  • Genes are segments of DNA that determine the characteristics of a living organism.
  • The structure of DNA is like a twisted ladder called a double helix with two long strands of nucleotides coiled around each other.
  • Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases.
  • There are four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
  • The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases, with adenine (A) always pairing with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always pairing with guanine (G).
  • The functions of DNA include genetic information storage, protein synthesis, genetic inheritance, gene regulation, DNA replication, DNA repair, and evolutionary history.
  • Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to produce a functional gene product, such as a protein or RNA molecule.
  • The process of gene expression includes transcription, mRNA processing, translation, and protein folding and function.

1.2 Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

  • Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of a cell, composed of DNA, proteins, and other associated molecules.

  • The structure of chromosomes includes DNA, histones, chromatin, sister chromatids, centromere, telomeres, and chromosomal arms (short arm or "p arm" and long arm or "q arm").

  • There are 46 chromosomes in human cells, arranged into 23 pairs.

  • The main phases of a cell cycle include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis, with stages including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.### Types of Chromosomes

  • There are two main types of chromosomes: Autosomes ( Autosomal Chromosomes) and Sex Chromosomes (Allosomes)

    • Autosomes determine most traits and characteristics of an individual
    • Sex Chromosomes determine the sex of an individual and are responsible for sexual development

Human Chromosomes

  • Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs
    • 22 pairs of autosomes labeled as chromosome 1 through 22
    • 1 pair of sex chromosomes, called X and Y chromosomes
    • Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY)

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

  • The cell cycle refers to the series of events that take place in a cell as it grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells
    • The main phases of the cell cycle are Interphase and M Phase
    • Interphase has three subphases: G1 Phase (Gap 1 Phase), S Phase (Synthesis Phase), and G2 Phase (Gap 2 Phase)
    • M Phase (Mitotic Phase) consists of two main processes: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Mitosis

  • Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
    • There are four stages of Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Meiosis

  • Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms
    • Meiosis consists of two main stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II
    • Meiosis I has four stages: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I
    • Meiosis II has four stages: Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II

Inheritance of Traits

  • Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes
    • Mendelian Inheritance Pattern is a way of predicting the inheritance of traits
    • Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on the genotypes of the parents

Genetic Disorders

  • Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes
    • Some genetic disorders are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes
    • Examples of genetic disorders include Marfan syndrome, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia A, and Down syndrome

Acids and Bases

  • Acids produce hydrogen ions, while Bases accept hydrogen ions

    • pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance
    • Acid-base indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in pH
    • pH and pOH of a substance can be calculated using various formulas### Properties of Acids and Bases

  • Acids are substances that produce H+ ions in aqueous solutions (Arrhenius definition) or donate protons (Bronsted Lowry definition).

  • Bases are substances that produce OH- ions in aqueous solutions (Arrhenius definition) or accept protons (Bronsted Lowry definition).

  • Acids have a sour taste, no slippery feel, and corrode metals, while bases have a bitter taste, slippery feel, and don't corrode metals.

  • pH of acids is less than 7, while pH of bases is greater than 7.

Applications of Acids and Bases

  • Acids are found in food and beverages (e.g., citrus fruits, vinegar), cleaning products (e.g., acetic acid, phosphoric acid), personal care products (e.g., salicylic acid, lactic acid), and medical and pharmaceuticals (e.g., ascorbic acid, hydrochloric acid).
  • Bases are found in baking and cooking (e.g., baking soda, baking powder), agriculture and gardening (e.g., calcium bicarbonate), food preservation (e.g., sodium hydroxide), and antacid medicine (e.g., aluminum hydroxide gel).

Acids and Bases Indicators

  • Types of indicators: natural (e.g., litmus paper, beetroot, turmeric, red cabbage, China Rose), synthetic (e.g., phenolphthalein, methyl orange), and olfactory (e.g., onion, vanilla extract).
  • Examples of indicators and their color changes:
    • Litmus paper: blue turns red (acid), red turns blue (base)
    • Beetroot: turns to purple (acid), turns to yellow (base)
    • Turmeric: remains yellow (acid), turns to red (base)
    • Red cabbage: turns to pink or red (acid), turns to blue, green, or yellow (base)
    • China Rose: turns to magenta (acid), turns to green (base)
    • Phenolphthalein: remains colorless (acid), turns to pink (base)
    • Methyl orange: remains orange (acid), turns to yellow (base)
    • Onion: retains smell (acid), loses smell (base)
    • Vanilla extract: retains smell (acid), loses smell (base)

pH and pOH

  • pH is a measure of the power of hydrogen or potential of hydrogen, used to determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
  • pOH is a measure of the hydroxide ion concentration.
  • The relationship between pH and pOH is: pH + pOH = 14.

Organic Compounds

  • Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to other atoms, most commonly hydrogen.
  • All living things are made up of organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons

  • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
  • Physical properties: insoluble in water, increase in boiling point with increasing molecular weight, and flammable.
  • Classification: aliphatic (linear or branched arrangement of carbon atoms) and aromatic (cyclic structures with alternating double bonds).
  • Examples: alkanes (e.g., methane, ethane, butane), alkenes (e.g., ethene, propene, heptene), and alkynes (e.g., ethyne, propyne).
  • Reactions: combustion, halogenation, addition, and substitution.

Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters

  • Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom.
  • Physical properties: soluble in water, higher boiling point, and distinctive odor.
  • Reactions: oxidation, esterification, dehydration, and substitution.
  • Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom.
  • Physical properties: tend to have higher boiling point, strong and pungent odor, and weak acidic properties.
  • Reactions: acid-base, esterification, reduction, and decarboxylation.
  • Esters are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an oxygen atom (O) and an alkyl or aryl group (R).
  • Physical properties: lower boiling points, fruity or floral odor, and generally soluble in organic solvents.
  • Reactions: hydrolysis, transesterification, and reduction.

Polymers

  • Polymers are large molecules made up of smaller repeating units called monomers.
  • Types of polymers: natural, synthetic, linear, branched, crosslinked, addition, and condensation.
  • Properties: mechanical (strength, elasticity, ductility, brittleness, and toughness), thermal (melting point, glass transition temperature), electrical (conductivity, dielectric properties), and optical (transparency, refractive index).
  • Uses and applications: packaging materials, textile and clothing, automotive components, medical devices, construction materials, electronics, and adhesive and coatings.

Biochemistry

  • Biochemistry deals with the structures, bonding, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • Biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • Composition and functions of each type of biomolecule:
    • Carbohydrates: composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, function as energy source and structural components.
    • Proteins: composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, function as enzymes, hormones, and structural components.
    • Lipids: composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, function as energy storage and structural components.
    • Nucleic acids: composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, function as genetic material and_blueprint for life.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers the scope and sequence of the Matthayom Sueksa 3 science curriculum, including structures, vocabulary, and suggested activities.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser