Mastering Pituitary and Thyroid Disorders

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Which disorder is characterized by the thickening of bones and soft tissues in adults?

Gigantism

Acromegaly (correct)

Goiter

Dwarfism

Which disorder is characterized by the rapid decline in calcium and can lead to fatal tetany within 3-4 days?

Insulin Type 1

Cushing Syndrome

Hypoparathyroidism (correct)

Hyperparathyroidism

Which disorder is characterized by excess cortisol, resulting in hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, edema, and abnormal fat deposition?

Acromegaly

Hyperparathyroidism

Cushing Syndrome (correct)

Insulin Type 2

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to produce insulin and is often diagnosed in juveniles?

Insulin Type 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to use insulin properly and is often associated with overuse of the pancreas?

Insulin Type 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood/adolescence, resulting in excessive growth?

Gigantism Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood/adolescence, resulting in excessive growth?

Gigantism Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the thickening of bones and soft tissues in adults?

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the thyroid continuously firing due to low iodine, preventing the production of TSH, while T3 and T4 keep getting triggered?

Goiter Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the rapid decline in calcium and can lead to fatal tetany within 3-4 days?

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the excess cortisol, resulting in hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, edema, and abnormal fat deposition?

Cushing Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to use insulin properly and is often associated with overuse of the pancreas?

Insulin Type 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting fibrinogen into fibrin?

Thrombin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel contains valves and carries blood back to the heart?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

Which class of anti-inflammatory drugs blocks all eicosanoid inflammatory pathways and prevents the production of arachidonic acid?

SAIDs (steroidal) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma in normal blood?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for releasing histamine and stimulating immune response?

Basophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the body?

To transport hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the adrenal cortex releases mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

Zona Glomerulosa Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen?

Aromatase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body still secretes insulin but is no longer reacting to it?

Type II diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and acts as a vasodilator, promotes sodium and water excretion, and is known as ANP?

ANP Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, released by the adrenal medulla, stimulates the fight or flight response?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, released by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells?

EPO Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major node or fiber involved in the cardiac cycle?

Intercalated discs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a normal action potential and a cardiac action potential?

Rapid depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What does the T wave in an ECG represent?

Repolarization of ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H2O, bicarbonate, and calcium?

Proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

Where does the reabsorption of sodium primarily occur in the nephron?

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal and distal tubules of the nephron?

HCO3- Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary and targets the female reproductive system, stimulating milk release and triggering uterine contractions during childbirth?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating metabolism and the stress response, and is released by the anterior pituitary, targeting the adrenal glands to induce the production of glucocorticoids?

ACTH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) by the liver, bone, and muscles, leading to body growth and a higher metabolic rate?

GH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and potassium secretion?

aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the liver to cause blood vessels to constrict?

angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure and causes an enzyme cascade and the release of angiotensin?

renin Signup and view all the answers

Which organ secretes acid (H+) in the proximal and distal tubules and reabsorbs bicarbonate (HCO3-)?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an increase in pH and an increase in CO2 due to vomiting out acid?

Metabolic alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a decrease in pH and a decrease in CO2 due to HCO3- not being reabsorbed?

Metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an increase in pH and a decrease in CO2 due to hyperventilation?

Respiratory alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a decrease in pH and an increase in CO2 due to decreased breathing?

Respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Mastering Pituitary and Thyroid Disorders

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Questions and Answers

Which disorder is characterized by the thickening of bones and soft tissues in adults?

Which disorder is characterized by the rapid decline in calcium and can lead to fatal tetany within 3-4 days?

Which disorder is characterized by excess cortisol, resulting in hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, edema, and abnormal fat deposition?

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to produce insulin and is often diagnosed in juveniles?

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to use insulin properly and is often associated with overuse of the pancreas?

Which disorder is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood/adolescence, resulting in excessive growth?

Which disorder is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood/adolescence, resulting in excessive growth?

Which disorder is characterized by the thickening of bones and soft tissues in adults?

Which disorder is characterized by the thyroid continuously firing due to low iodine, preventing the production of TSH, while T3 and T4 keep getting triggered?

Which disorder is characterized by the rapid decline in calcium and can lead to fatal tetany within 3-4 days?

Which disorder is characterized by the excess cortisol, resulting in hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, edema, and abnormal fat deposition?

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to use insulin properly and is often associated with overuse of the pancreas?

Which enzyme is responsible for converting fibrinogen into fibrin?

Which type of blood vessel contains valves and carries blood back to the heart?

Which class of anti-inflammatory drugs blocks all eicosanoid inflammatory pathways and prevents the production of arachidonic acid?

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma in normal blood?

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for releasing histamine and stimulating immune response?

What is the function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the body?

Which layer of the adrenal cortex releases mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

Which enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen?

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body still secretes insulin but is no longer reacting to it?

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and acts as a vasodilator, promotes sodium and water excretion, and is known as ANP?

Which hormone, released by the adrenal medulla, stimulates the fight or flight response?

Which hormone, released by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Which of the following is NOT a major node or fiber involved in the cardiac cycle?

What is the main difference between a normal action potential and a cardiac action potential?

What does the T wave in an ECG represent?

Which part of the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H2O, bicarbonate, and calcium?

Where does the reabsorption of sodium primarily occur in the nephron?

Which molecule is mainly reabsorbed in the proximal and distal tubules of the nephron?

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary and targets the female reproductive system, stimulating milk release and triggering uterine contractions during childbirth?

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating metabolism and the stress response, and is released by the anterior pituitary, targeting the adrenal glands to induce the production of glucocorticoids?

Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) by the liver, bone, and muscles, leading to body growth and a higher metabolic rate?

Which hormone causes water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Which hormone causes Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and potassium secretion?

Which hormone is released by the liver to cause blood vessels to constrict?

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure and causes an enzyme cascade and the release of angiotensin?

Which organ secretes acid (H+) in the proximal and distal tubules and reabsorbs bicarbonate (HCO3-)?

Which condition is characterized by an increase in pH and an increase in CO2 due to vomiting out acid?

Which condition is characterized by a decrease in pH and a decrease in CO2 due to HCO3- not being reabsorbed?

Which condition is characterized by an increase in pH and a decrease in CO2 due to hyperventilation?

Which condition is characterized by a decrease in pH and an increase in CO2 due to decreased breathing?

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