140 Questions
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for assigning MAC addresses?
Data link layer
In the network communication example, what does Bob send to the LAN to find Sally's MAC address?
ARP request message
If two computers are in the same LAN, can they communicate directly without a router?
Yes
What layer of the OSI model is responsible for IP addressing?
Network layer
In the network communication example, how does Sally respond to Bob's ARP request?
With a MAC address
If Bob needs to communicate with a device on another network, what is required?
A router
What information is required for communication between two devices in a network?
Both MAC and IP address
Which device connects two similar network segments together and breaks up collision domains?
Bridge
What is the primary function of a switch?
To recognize frames and pay attention to the source and destination MAC address
Where are firewalls usually placed in a network?
At the edge of networks closest to the WAN connection
What is the primary goal of DNS?
To match hostnames to IP addresses
Which model is a condensed version of the OSI model and is composed of four layers?
DoD Model
Which protocol suite is the most common for networking today?
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Which protocol is commonly used for accessing websites?
HTTP
Which device is responsible for separating broadcast domains?
Routers
What is the impact of collisions on a network?
Data corruption and loss
Which device extends a single collision domain to all connected devices?
Hubs
What is the purpose of a default gateway?
To connect different networks
Which device can separate broadcast domains virtually?
Routers
What is the purpose of network segmentation?
To separate broadcast domains
Which duplex mode allows devices to send and receive data simultaneously?
Full duplex
Which layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate at?
Transport layer
What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is connection-oriented while UDP is connectionless
What are the three steps of the TCP three-way handshake?
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
What does the client send to the server to initiate the TCP three-way handshake?
SYN
What does the server respond with during the TCP three-way handshake?
SYN-ACK
What does the client send to the server to confirm the TCP connection establishment?
ACK
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the IP header?
Network layer
What is the purpose of the IP header?
To provide IP address information
Which protocols will be covered in the next set of slides?
ICMP, ARP, and RARP
True or false: Bob compares the destination IP address to his subnet mask before sending data to the router?
True
True or false: The default gateway is usually an interface on a Layer 2 switch?
False
True or false: Collisions can result in data corruption and loss?
True
True or false: Switches create separate collision domains for each port?
True
True or false: Broadcast messages generate additional network traffic?
True
True or false: VLANs can isolate broadcast domains virtually?
True
True or false: Hubs can run at full duplex mode?
False
A NIC is installed in your computer to connect your computer to the network.
True
A bridge is a network device that connects two similar network segments together.
True
A switch recognizes frames and pays attention to the source and destination MAC address of the incoming frame.
True
Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI Model.
True
Firewalls are usually placed at the edge of networks closest to the WAN connection.
True
DHCP servers assign IP addresses to hosts.
True
DNS is used to match hostnames or FQDNs to IP addresses and vice versa.
True
True or false: If two computers are in the same network (LAN), they can communicate directly without a Router.
True
True or false: Both the MAC address (Layer 2) and the IP address (Layer 3) are required for communication.
True
True or false: In the network communication example, Sally responds directly to Bob with their MAC Address.
True
True or false: If Sally wanted to reply to Bob, they would need to complete the same process to find out Bob's MAC address.
True
True or false: If Bob needed to communicate with a device on another network, a Switch is required.
False
True or false: A Router is required for communication between devices on different networks.
True
True or false: In the network communication example, Bob sends an ARP request message to the LAN for the IP address associated with Sally's MAC address.
False
The TCP/IP protocol suite operates at the Transport layer of the OSI model.
True
The DHCP client sends a unicast DHCPRequest message to the server if it accepts the offer.
False
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is connectionless.
True
The TCP three-way handshake consists of the steps SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.
True
The client initiates the TCP three-way handshake by sending a SYN packet to the server.
True
The server responds to the client's SYN packet with a SYN-ACK packet.
True
The IP header is 20 bytes in length.
True
ICMP, ARP, and RARP are common TCP/IP protocols.
True
The purpose of DNS is to translate domain names into IP addresses.
True
Explain the steps that Bob needs to follow to determine if the destination IP address is part of his network.
Bob needs to look at the destination IP address and compare it to his subnet mask. If the destination IP address is not part of Bob's network, the data gets sent to the Router for transmission.
What is a collision domain and what causes collisions to occur?
A collision domain is a network segment where data collisions can occur when multiple devices attempt to transmit data at the same time. Collisions can be caused by shared mediums, where multiple devices share the same communication channel, or by simultaneous transmissions, where two or more devices transmit data at the same time.
What are the impacts of collisions on a network?
Collisions can result in data corruption and loss. They cause retransmits, increasing latency and slowing down data transfer rates.
How can collisions be reduced in a network?
Collisions can be reduced by not using hubs in the network, as hubs extend a single collision domain to all connected devices. Instead, switches should be used as they create separate collision domains for each port through full-duplex communication.
What is a broadcast domain and what causes broadcasts to occur?
A broadcast domain is a network segment in which all devices send and receive broadcast messages. Broadcasts occur when devices connected to the same LAN share the same broadcast domain.
What are the impacts of broadcasts on a network?
Broadcast messages generate additional network traffic, leading to increased congestion and resource consumption. High broadcast traffic can also slow down network performance.
How can broadcasts be reduced in a network?
Network segmentation, by dividing networks into segments with routers or layer three switches, can reduce the size of broadcast domains. Virtual LANs (VLANs) can also be used to isolate broadcast domains virtually, enhancing network efficiency.
What is the purpose of a Router in network communication?
A Router is required for communication between devices on different networks.
Explain the process of network communication between Bob and Sally in the example.
- Bob sends an ARP request (Broadcast) message to the LAN for the MAC address associated with Sally's IP Address. 2) Sally sees the Broadcast noticing that the IP address belongs to them. Sally then responds directly to Bob with their MAC Address. 3) Bob is now able to communicate with Sally because they have both the Destination IP and MAC Address.
What is the role of DNS in network communication?
DNS is used to translate domain names into IP addresses.
What are the two pieces of information required for communication between two devices in the same network?
Both the MAC address (Layer 2) and the IP address (Layer 3) are required for communication.
If Sally wanted to reply to Bob, what process would she need to complete?
If Sally wanted to reply to Bob, she would need to complete the same process to find out Bob's MAC address.
True or false: Broadcast messages generate additional network traffic?
True
True or false: In the network communication example, Sally responds directly to Bob with their MAC Address.
True
What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
The primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC) is to connect a computer to the network and provide physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media.
What is the function of a bridge in a network?
The function of a bridge is to connect two similar network segments together and keep traffic separated on either side of the bridge, breaking up collision domains.
What are the three significant differences between switches and hubs?
The three significant differences between switches and hubs are that switches recognize frames and pay attention to the source and destination MAC address of the incoming frame, as well as the port on which it was received.
What is the main purpose of a router?
The main purpose of a router is to separate networks and broadcast domains at Layer 3 of the OSI model.
Where are firewalls usually placed in a network?
Firewalls are usually placed at the edge of networks closest to the WAN connection, such as the internet, to protect LAN resources from invaders and control access to certain services.
What is the function of a DHCP server?
The function of a DHCP server is to assign IP addresses to hosts, which is more convenient than manually setting IP addresses on every client machine.
What is the goal of DNS?
The goal of DNS is to match hostnames or FQDNs (Fully qualified domain names) to IP addresses and vice versa, eliminating the need to memorize IP addresses.
What is the purpose of the DHCP client's DHCPDiscover message?
The purpose of the DHCP client's DHCPDiscover message is to look for available DHCP servers on the network.
What is the main difference between TCP and UDP protocols?
The main difference between TCP and UDP protocols is that TCP is connection-oriented while UDP is connectionless.
Describe the three steps of the TCP three-way handshake.
The three steps of the TCP three-way handshake are: 1) SYN (Synchronize) - client sends a SYN packet to the server, requesting a connection. 2) SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge) - server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, acknowledging the request and agreeing to establish a connection. 3) ACK (Acknowledge) - client sends an ACK packet to the server, confirming the connection establishment.
What is the purpose of the IP header?
The purpose of the IP header is to provide essential information for routing and delivering IP packets, including source and destination IP addresses, protocol type, and other control information.
Which layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate at?
TCP and UDP operate at the Transport layer of the OSI model.
What are the common TCP/IP protocols discussed in the text?
The common TCP/IP protocols discussed in the text are ICMP, ARP, and RARP.
What is the impact of collisions on a network?
Collisions can result in data corruption and loss, leading to degraded network performance and increased retransmissions.
What are the steps of the DHCP client four-step process?
The steps of the DHCP client four-step process are: 1) DHCPDiscover - client broadcasts a DHCPDiscover message to look for available DHCP servers. 2) DHCPOffer - DHCP server responds to the DHCPDiscover message with a unicast DHCPOffer message, providing IP address information. 3) DHCPRequest - client responds to the DHCPOffer message with a broadcast DHCPRequest message, confirming the IP address assignment. 4) DHCPACK - DHCP server acknowledges the DHCPRequest message with a DHCPACK message, confirming the IP address assignment to the client.
Describe the structure of the TCP and UDP segments in terms of their respective header fields.
The structure of the TCP segment includes source port, destination port, sequence number, header length, reserved bits, checksum, code bits, window size, urgent pointer, options (if any), and data. The structure of the UDP segment includes source port, destination port, length, checksum, and data.
Bob would look at the destination ______ address
IP
If the destination IP address is not part of Bob’s network, the data gets sent to the ______ for transmission
Router
The router Bob has access to in their LAN is called the ______ Gateway
Default
Hubs extend a single ______ domain to all connected devices
collision
Switches create separate ______ domains for each port
collision
Dividing networks into segments with routers or layer three switches reduces ______ domain size
broadcast
In full duplex, devices can send and receive data ______
simultaneously
Network Interface Card (NIC) is installed in your computer to connect, or interface, your computer to the ______
network
A NIC either is an expansion card or is built right into the computer’s ______
motherboard
The NIC usually connects to the computer through ______ located on the motherboard
expansion slots
A bridge—specifically, a transparent bridge—is a network device that connects two similar network ______ together
segments
Switches connect multiple ______ of a network together much like hubs do
segments
Routers operate at Layer 3 the ______ of the OSI Model
Network
Firewalls are usually placed at the edge of ______ closest to your WAN connection (Leased Line or more commonly Internet)
networks
Bob sends an ______ request (Broadcast) message to the LAN for the MAC address associated with Sally’s IP Address
ARP
Sally responds directly to Bob with their ______ Address
MAC
If Sally wanted to reply to Bob, they would need to complete the same process to find out the destination ______ address
MAC
If Bob needed to communicate with a device on another network, a ______ is required
Router
Both the MAC address (Layer 2) and the IP address (Layer 3) are required for ______
communication
In the network communication example, how does Sally respond to Bob's ARP ______?
request
If two computers are in the same network (LAN), they can communicate directly without a ______
Router
TCP and UDP are protocols that operate at the ______ layer of the OSI Model
Transport
The main difference between TCP and UDP is that TCP is ______-oriented while UDP is ______
connection, connectionless
When a device connects to a network, it broadcasts a DHCPDiscover to look for available ______ Servers
DHCP
When a DHCP server sees the DHCPDiscover message, it responds directly to the sender using ______ with IP address information
Unicast
The client will receive the Unicast message and respond to the DHCP server with a broadcast ______ message if it accepts the offer
DHCPRequest
The DHCP Servers responds to the DHCPRequest broadcast with a DHCP ______, confirming the IP address assignment to the client
ACK
TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish ______
connections
The client initiates the handshake by sending a SYN packet to the server, requesting a ______
connection
The server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, acknowledging the request and agreeing to establish a ______
connection
Which numbering system is used to represent IPv4 addresses in networking?
Decimal
Which numbering system represents binary numbers using only 0 and 1?
Binary
What is the base of the hexadecimal numbering system?
16
Which numbering system represents numbers using powers of 10?
Decimal
What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be accommodated by IPv4?
4,294,967,296
Which numbering system represents the IP address 192.168.2.1 in binary?
11000000.10101000.00000010.00000001
Which numbering system represents the letter 'A' in binary?
01000001
Which numbering system represents the letter 'B' in binary?
01000010
Which numbering system represents the letter 'A' in hexadecimal?
41
Which numbering system represents the letter 'B' in hexadecimal?
42
What is the main purpose of IPv6?
To fix the limitations of IPv4
Which class of IP address has the most available host addresses?
Class A
What is the purpose of NAT (Network Translation Protocol)?
To assist with address exhaustion in IPv4
Which layer of the OSI model does IPv4 operate at?
Layer 3
Which class of IP address has the fewest available host addresses?
Class C
What is the main purpose of a default gateway?
To connect a LAN to the internet
What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is connection-oriented, while UDP is connectionless
Which numbering system is used for MAC addresses?
Hexadecimal (Base-16)
What is the length of an IPv6 address?
128-bits
Which IP version is the successor to IPv4?
IPv6
Test your knowledge on Network Interface Cards (NICs) with this quiz! Learn about how NICs connect your computer to the network and provide physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media. Find out if you can identify the different types of NICs and understand how they are installed in your computer.
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