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Questions and Answers
The transport layer is responsible for managing communication sessions.
False
The presentation layer translates data between a networking service and an application.
True
The application layer is where high-level protocols such as HTTP reside.
True
TCP/IP model consists of a four-layer architecture.
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The network layer in TCP/IP has a 1-to-1 relationship with the OSI network layer.
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The physical layer handles reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network.
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The Physical Layer is concerned with getting data from one computer to another computer.
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The Network Layer defines how internetworks function.
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Fragmentation and reassembly are tasks handled by the Transport Layer.
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The Data Link Layer handles error detection and handling.
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The Transport Layer provides functions to enable communications between application processes on different computers.
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The Physical Layer is mainly concerned with structuring and managing a multi-node network.
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The Data Link Layer is responsible for transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer.
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The Network Layer deals with connection establishment, management, and termination.
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Flow control is a function of the Transport Layer according to the OSI Model.
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Port 80 is commonly associated with the Network Layer in the OSI Model.
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The Data Link Layer is responsible for protocol for exchanging data between connected nodes.
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Study Notes
OSI Model
- Defines how internetworks (interconnected networks) function
- Consists of 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application
OSI Model Layers
Physical Layer
- Concerned with transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium
- Includes duplex, data rate, voltage levels, etc.
Data Link Layer
- Responsible for transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer
- Protocols include PPP over phone line and Ethernet on many media types
Network Layer
- Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing, and traffic control
- IP addresses are most commonly used
- Concerned with getting data from one computer to another computer
- Logical Addressing, Routing, Datagram encapsulation, Fragmentation and reassembly, Error handling and diagnosis
Transport Layer
- Provides functions to enable communications between application processes on different computers
- Concerned with end-to-end or host-to-host communication
- Tracking, flow control, fragmentation, Connection establishment, management, and termination
- Process level addressing, TCP port, port 80 is HTTP
- Multiplexing, Segmentation, Acknowledgement and retransmissions, Flow control
Session Layer
- Mainly concerned with application, no networking details
- Dialog between entities
- APIs – TCP/IP sockets, RPC, gRPC
Presentation Layer
- Very limited function
- Data representation
- Compression, encryption
Application Layer
- High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP
- Provides services to end-user applications
TCP/IP Model
- Four-layer architecture
- Application (encompasses OSI application, presentation, and session layers)
- Transport (1-to-1 relationship with OSI transport layer)
- Internet (1-to-1 relationship with OSI network layer)
- Link (similar to OSI data link and physical layers)
History of TCP/IP
- Designed by engineers to solve communication problems
- Developed by DoD DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Primarily client – server model
- Basis for vast majority of network traffic
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Description
Test your knowledge about the OSI Model layers, including Data Framing, Addressing, Error detection, and more as covered in Kozierok's Chapter 6 on Network and Transport Layers.
