Mastering Drug Dosage
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Questions and Answers

Based on the information in the text, how did Mr. F. discover that he was seeing double?

  • He attended a weekly meeting at the hospital
  • He tasted the asparagus and it didn't taste right (correct)
  • He saw an item in the newspaper about botulism
  • He noticed his face was pale and his voice was weak

    • What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

  • The effects of drugs on the digestive system
  • The effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior (correct)
  • The effects of drugs on the respiratory system
  • The effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system

    • Which route of drug administration is the most common form for humans?

  • Subcutaneous injection
  • Intracerebral administration
  • Intrarectal administration
  • Oral administration (correct)

    • Which route of drug administration is used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?

    <p>Rectal suppositories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration is used to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain to treat certain types of infections?

    <p>Intracerebroventricular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration is the fastest?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The process of drug metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier(s) must drug molecules cross to enter the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the definition of a drug according to the text?

    <p>An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior called?

    <p>Psychopharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the points at which molecules of drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body called?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules do drugs bind with in the central nervous system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?

    <p>Drugs with high affinity require lower doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes a drug more desirable in terms of its affinity for different sites of action?

    <p>High affinity for therapeutic effects and low affinity for toxic side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?

    <p>Intravenous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?

    <p>Lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?

    <p>Plotting a dose-response curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the distribution of drugs in the body?

    <p>Heavier subjects require a larger quantity of a drug to achieve the same concentration as smaller subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a drug reaches the point of maximum effect?

    <p>Increasing the dose of the drug does not produce any more effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the margin of safety of a drug?

    <p>The difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses of a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>The ratio of the therapeutic and toxic doses of a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration is the most common form for laboratory animals?

    <p>Intraperitoneal (IP) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the slowest absorption?

    <p>Subcutaneous (SC) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information in the text, what was the cause of Mr. F.'s botulism?

    <p>Eating contaminated asparagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mr. F.'s initial response when he noticed that the asparagus smelled funny?

    <p>He was reluctant to throw it away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mr. F. do after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?

    <p>He rinsed his tongue under water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom did Mr. F. experience after discovering that he was seeing double?

    <p>He asked his wife to drive him to the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for very slow and prolonged absorption of a drug?

    <p>Implantation beneath the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration delivers the drug to the brain very rapidly?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?

    <p>Intracerebroventricular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?

    <p>The lipid solubility of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?

    <p>Intravenous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?

    <p>Plotting a dose-response curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a measure of a drug's margin of safety?

    <p>The ratio of the dose that produces the desired effects to the dose that produces toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?

    <p>They have different affinities for their sites of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?

    <p>Margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most desirable characteristic of a drug in terms of its margin of safety?

    <p>A large margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of psychopharmacology?

    <p>Studying the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sites of action of drugs?

    <p>Points where drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a drug according to the text?

    <p>An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about drugs with high affinity?

    <p>They must be administered in lower doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of research by drug companies?

    <p>To find drugs with high affinity for therapeutic sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause variation in the effectiveness of drugs with identical sites of action?

    <p>Different affinities for their binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most desirable drug in terms of affinity for different sites of action?

    <p>A drug with high affinity for sites of action that produce therapeutic effects and low affinity for sites of action that produce toxic side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a drug is administered repeatedly?

    <p>Its effects will increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?

    <p>Drugs with low affinity require lower doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information in the text, what symptoms did Mr. F. experience after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?

    <p>Blurred vision and double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

    <p>The study of the effects of drugs on both the nervous system and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mr. F. do after discovering that he was seeing double?

    <p>He asked his wife to drive him to the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the slowest absorption?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?

    <p>Lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?

    <p>Plotting a dose-response curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a drug according to the text?

    <p>An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

    <p>The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?

    <p>Neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

    <p>The study of the physiological and behavioral effects of drugs on the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?

    <p>Therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier(s) must drug molecules cross to enter the body?

    <p>Several barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for very slow and prolonged absorption of a drug?

    <p>Intrarectal administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?

    <p>Intracerebroventricular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?

    <p>Intracerebroventricular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the dose-response curve for a drug's therapeutic effects?

    <p>The curve shows that increasing the dose of the drug does not produce any more effect after the point of maximum effect is reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the margin of safety of a drug?

    <p>The difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?

    <p>Different drugs have different sites of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose of a drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about drugs with high affinity?

    <p>They have a lower dosage requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of research by drug companies?

    <p>To find drugs with high affinities for therapeutic sites of action and low affinities for toxic sites of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?

    <p>Drugs with high affinity require lower dosages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom that Mr. F. experienced after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mr. F. do after discovering that he was seeing double?

    <p>He drove himself to the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

    <p>Studying the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?

    <p>Lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?

    <p>Dose-response curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is the most common form for laboratory animals?

    <p>Intraperitoneal (IP) injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?

    <p>Different pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?

    <p>Asparagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about drugs with low affinity?

    <p>They must be administered in higher doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecules to which drugs attach in the central nervous system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of research by drug companies?

    <p>To find drugs with high affinity for sites of action that produce therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is NOT commonly used to administer drugs to laboratory animals?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration provides a very rapid delivery of drugs to the brain?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?

    <p>Rectal suppositories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?

    <p>Intracerebroventricular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a drug according to pharmacologists?

    <p>A chemical that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?

    <p>Neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of opiates such as morphine and heroin?

    <p>Decreased sensitivity to pain, slowing of the digestive system, sedation, muscular relaxation, constriction of the pupils, and euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?

    <p>The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>The ratio of the dose that produces therapeutic effects to the dose that produces toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?

    <p>The drug's lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?

    <p>Margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?

    <p>Different drugs have different sites of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

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