103 Questions
Based on the information in the text, how did Mr. F. discover that he was seeing double?
He tasted the asparagus and it didn't taste right
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
The effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior
Which route of drug administration is the most common form for humans?
Oral administration
Which route of drug administration is used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?
Rectal suppositories
Which route of drug administration is used to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain to treat certain types of infections?
Intracerebroventricular administration
Which route of drug administration is the fastest?
Intravenous (IV) injection
What is pharmacokinetics?
The process of drug metabolism
Which barrier(s) must drug molecules cross to enter the body?
All of the above
Which of the following is the definition of a drug according to the text?
An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning
What is the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior called?
Psychopharmacology
What are the points at which molecules of drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body called?
Receptors
Which molecules do drugs bind with in the central nervous system?
All of the above
What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?
Drugs with high affinity require lower doses
What makes a drug more desirable in terms of its affinity for different sites of action?
High affinity for therapeutic effects and low affinity for toxic side effects
Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?
Intravenous injection
What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?
Lipid solubility
Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?
Heroin
What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?
Plotting a dose-response curve
Which of the following is true about the distribution of drugs in the body?
Heavier subjects require a larger quantity of a drug to achieve the same concentration as smaller subjects
What happens when a drug reaches the point of maximum effect?
Increasing the dose of the drug does not produce any more effect
What is the margin of safety of a drug?
The difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses of a drug
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
The ratio of the therapeutic and toxic doses of a drug
Which route of drug administration is the most common form for laboratory animals?
Intraperitoneal (IP) injection
Which route of drug administration allows for the slowest absorption?
Subcutaneous (SC) injection
What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?
Pharmacokinetics
Based on the information in the text, what was the cause of Mr. F.'s botulism?
Eating contaminated asparagus
What was Mr. F.'s initial response when he noticed that the asparagus smelled funny?
He was reluctant to throw it away
What did Mr. F. do after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?
He rinsed his tongue under water
What symptom did Mr. F. experience after discovering that he was seeing double?
He asked his wife to drive him to the hospital
Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for very slow and prolonged absorption of a drug?
Implantation beneath the skin
Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?
Oral administration
Which of the following routes of drug administration delivers the drug to the brain very rapidly?
Inhalation
Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?
Intracerebroventricular administration
What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?
The lipid solubility of the drug
Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?
Intravenous injection
What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?
Plotting a dose-response curve
Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?
Heroin
Which of the following is a measure of a drug's margin of safety?
The ratio of the dose that produces the desired effects to the dose that produces toxic effects
What is the second reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?
They have different affinities for their sites of action
What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?
Margin of safety
What is the most desirable characteristic of a drug in terms of its margin of safety?
A large margin of safety
Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?
Proteins
What is the main focus of psychopharmacology?
Studying the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior
What are the sites of action of drugs?
Points where drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body
What is the definition of a drug according to the text?
An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses
Which of the following is true about drugs with high affinity?
They must be administered in lower doses
What is the main goal of research by drug companies?
To find drugs with high affinity for therapeutic sites
What can cause variation in the effectiveness of drugs with identical sites of action?
Different affinities for their binding sites
What is the most desirable drug in terms of affinity for different sites of action?
A drug with high affinity for sites of action that produce therapeutic effects and low affinity for sites of action that produce toxic side effects
What happens when a drug is administered repeatedly?
Its effects will increase
What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?
Drugs with low affinity require lower doses
Based on the information in the text, what symptoms did Mr. F. experience after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?
Blurred vision and double vision
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
The study of the effects of drugs on both the nervous system and behavior
What did Mr. F. do after discovering that he was seeing double?
He asked his wife to drive him to the hospital
Which route of drug administration allows for the slowest absorption?
Oral administration
What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?
Lipid solubility
What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?
Plotting a dose-response curve
Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?
Heroin
What is the definition of a drug according to the text?
An exogenous chemical not necessary for normal cellular functioning that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior
Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?
Neurotransmitters
What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?
Pharmacokinetics
Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?
Intravenous (IV) injection
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
The study of the physiological and behavioral effects of drugs on the nervous system
What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?
Therapeutic index
Which barrier(s) must drug molecules cross to enter the body?
Several barriers
Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?
Oral administration
Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for very slow and prolonged absorption of a drug?
Intrarectal administration
Which of the following routes of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?
Intracerebroventricular administration
Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?
Intracerebroventricular administration
Which of the following is true about the dose-response curve for a drug's therapeutic effects?
The curve shows that increasing the dose of the drug does not produce any more effect after the point of maximum effect is reached.
What is the margin of safety of a drug?
The difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects.
What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?
Different drugs have different sites of action.
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose of a drug.
Which of the following is true about drugs with high affinity?
They have a lower dosage requirement
What is the main goal of research by drug companies?
To find drugs with high affinities for therapeutic sites of action and low affinities for toxic sites of action
What is the relationship between drug affinity and dosage?
Drugs with high affinity require lower dosages
Which of the following is a symptom that Mr. F. experienced after tasting the liquid from the asparagus jar?
Blurred vision
What did Mr. F. do after discovering that he was seeing double?
He drove himself to the hospital
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
Studying the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior
Which route of drug administration allows for the most rapid effects on the brain?
Inhalation
What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?
Lipid solubility
Which drug is more lipid soluble: heroin or morphine?
Heroin
What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of a drug?
Dose-response curve
Which of the following routes of drug administration is the most common form for laboratory animals?
Intraperitoneal (IP) injection
What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?
Different pharmacokinetics
Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?
Asparagus
What is the process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted called?
Pharmacokinetics
Which of the following is true about drugs with low affinity?
They must be administered in higher doses
What is the term for the molecules to which drugs attach in the central nervous system?
All of the above
What is one of the goals of research by drug companies?
To find drugs with high affinity for sites of action that produce therapeutic effects
Which of the following routes of drug administration is NOT commonly used to administer drugs to laboratory animals?
Oral administration
Which of the following routes of drug administration provides a very rapid delivery of drugs to the brain?
Inhalation
Which of the following routes of drug administration is commonly used to administer drugs that might upset a person's stomach?
Rectal suppositories
Which of the following routes of drug administration is used very rarely in humans to deliver antibiotics directly to the brain?
Intracerebroventricular administration
What is the definition of a drug according to pharmacologists?
A chemical that significantly alters the functions of certain cells of the body when taken in relatively low doses
Which of the following is NOT considered a drug according to the definition provided in the text?
Neurotransmitters
What are the effects of opiates such as morphine and heroin?
Decreased sensitivity to pain, slowing of the digestive system, sedation, muscular relaxation, constriction of the pupils, and euphoria
What is the main focus of the field of psychopharmacology?
The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and on behavior
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
The ratio of the dose that produces therapeutic effects to the dose that produces toxic effects
What is the main factor that determines the rate at which a drug reaches sites of action within the brain?
The drug's lipid solubility
What is the difference between the dose-response curves for a drug's therapeutic effects and its adverse side effects called?
Margin of safety
What is the main reason that drugs vary in their effectiveness?
Different drugs have different sites of action
Understanding Drug Dosage and Body Weight: Test your knowledge on how body weight affects drug dosage and the resulting effects. Explore the relationship between drug concentration, subject weight, and dose strength. Get ready to uncover the science behind dosage adjustments!
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