Mastering A&P Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves? (Select all that apply)

Nerves do not contain cell bodies.

Nerves are covered by an outer sheath called the epineurium.

Nerves are collection of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. (correct)

Nerves are analogous to tracts in the CNS.

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve?

endoneurium

Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs?

vagus

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?

abducens Signup and view all the answers

The phrenic nerve is a branch from the __________.

cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc? (Select all that apply)

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

False Signup and view all the answers

__________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of classifications best fit the receptor type that is sensitive to the stretch of blood vessels?

mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors Signup and view all the answers

The following receptors are most likely responsible for the ability to sense the position and movement of our joints.

proprioceptors Signup and view all the answers

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential Signup and view all the answers

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

Lamellar corpuscles Signup and view all the answers

Phasic receptors adapt quickly to a stimulus. For that reason, they are good at detecting changes instead of constantly signaling the CNS.

True Signup and view all the answers

In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing.

perceptual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is representative of receptor-level processing, NOT perceptual-level processing?

transduction Signup and view all the answers

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves the spinal cord?

circuit level Signup and view all the answers

CNS nerve fibers regenerate because of the actions of Schwann cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carries no sensory information?

hypoglossal nerve Signup and view all the answers

An emergency medical technician records the reactivity of the patient's pupils as they constrict when stimulated by light. This test supports which of the following?

The patient has function of the oculomotor nerve (III). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is not being tested when a patient is asked to follow the motion of a finger?

the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Signup and view all the answers

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

accessory Signup and view all the answers

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

Olfactory Signup and view all the answers

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

mixed nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

Damage to one single branch of a plexus does not necessarily disrupt all motor information sent to a region. Signup and view all the answers

A dermatome represents the motor innervation of muscles in that area.

False Signup and view all the answers

A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______.

transmission of excitatory signals from the brain to the neurons that form the femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus.

Lumbar plexus Signup and view all the answers

Striking the 'funny bone' (ulnar nerve) may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus.

Brachial Plexus Signup and view all the answers

Trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop.

Brachial plexus Signup and view all the answers

A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus.

Sacral plexus Signup and view all the answers

The phrenic nerve branches from this plexus.

Cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury Signup and view all the answers

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ________.

the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra Signup and view all the answers

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

femoral Signup and view all the answers

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

sacral plexus Signup and view all the answers

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

True Signup and view all the answers

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

extend Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nerve Structure and Function

Nerves consist of collections of axons from sensory or motor neurons, but never both.
Covered by the outer sheath known as the epineurium; the endoneurium surrounds individual axons.
Cranial nerves can be sensory, motor, or mixed; the abducens nerve carries only motor information.

Reflex Arcs and Sensory Processing

A reflex arc requires motor neurons, sensory neurons, and receptors, but not necessarily interneurons.
Sensory division of the PNS is distinct from the efferent division.
Nociceptors are pain receptors, while mechanoreceptors detect vessel stretch in blood pressure regulation.

Sensory Receptors

Proprioceptors provide awareness of body positioning and movement by sensing muscle stretch and joint position.
Transduction is the conversion of stimulus energy into graded potentials.
Sensory information processing occurs at receptor, circuit, and perceptual levels, with the thalamus serving as a key synapsing point.

Nerve Injury and Regeneration

CNS nerve regeneration is inhibited by oligodendrocytes.
Damage to the hypoglossal nerve carries no sensory information, primarily involved in motor function.
Injury to the cervical plexus can affect the phrenic nerve, while the lumbar plexus includes the femoral and obturator nerves.

Clinical Applications

Dermatome maps are utilized to diagnose spinal injuries based on sensory loss patterns.
Strong knee-jerk reflexes suggest enhanced excitatory signal transmission from the brain.
Increased reflex response may indicate issues with the circuits affecting respective nerves, such as the brachial plexus.

Additional Facts

Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers.
In a crossed-extensor reflex, when one arm flexes, the opposite arm extends to maintain balance.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of Mastering Anatomy & Physiology. Each card presents a question relating to nerves and their structure. Review and reinforce your understanding of key concepts in anatomy and physiology.

Mastering A&P Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves? (Select all that apply)

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve?

Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs?

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?

The phrenic nerve is a branch from the __________.

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc? (Select all that apply)

The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

__________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

Which of the following pairs of classifications best fit the receptor type that is sensitive to the stretch of blood vessels?

The following receptors are most likely responsible for the ability to sense the position and movement of our joints.

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

Phasic receptors adapt quickly to a stimulus. For that reason, they are good at detecting changes instead of constantly signaling the CNS.

In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of receptor-level processing, NOT perceptual-level processing?

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves the spinal cord?

CNS nerve fibers regenerate because of the actions of Schwann cells.

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

Which of the following carries no sensory information?

An emergency medical technician records the reactivity of the patient's pupils as they constrict when stimulated by light. This test supports which of the following?

Which of the following cranial nerves is not being tested when a patient is asked to follow the motion of a finger?

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

A dermatome represents the motor innervation of muscles in that area.

A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______.

The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus.

Striking the 'funny bone' (ulnar nerve) may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus.

Trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop.

A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus.

The phrenic nerve branches from this plexus.

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ________.

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

Study Notes

Nerve Structure and Function

Reflex Arcs and Sensory Processing

Sensory Receptors

Nerve Injury and Regeneration

Clinical Applications

Additional Facts

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