Mastering A&P Chapter 13 Flashcards
39 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves? (Select all that apply)

  • Nerves do not contain cell bodies.
  • Nerves are covered by an outer sheath called the epineurium.
  • Nerves are collection of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. (correct)
  • Nerves are analogous to tracts in the CNS.

    • Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve?

    endoneurium

    Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs?

    vagus

    Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?

    <p>abducens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phrenic nerve is a branch from the __________.

    <p>cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli.

    <p>nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of classifications best fit the receptor type that is sensitive to the stretch of blood vessels?

    <p>mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following receptors are most likely responsible for the ability to sense the position and movement of our joints.

    <p>proprioceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

    <p>stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

    <p>Lamellar corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phasic receptors adapt quickly to a stimulus. For that reason, they are good at detecting changes instead of constantly signaling the CNS.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing.

    <p>perceptual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is representative of receptor-level processing, NOT perceptual-level processing?

    <p>transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

    <p>thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves the spinal cord?

    <p>circuit level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CNS nerve fibers regenerate because of the actions of Schwann cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regeneration within the CNS ________.

    <p>is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carries no sensory information?

    <p>hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An emergency medical technician records the reactivity of the patient's pupils as they constrict when stimulated by light. This test supports which of the following?

    <p>The patient has function of the oculomotor nerve (III).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cranial nerves is not being tested when a patient is asked to follow the motion of a finger?

    <p>the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

    <p>accessory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

    <p>Olfactory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

    <p>mixed nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

    <p>Damage to one single branch of a plexus does not necessarily disrupt all motor information sent to a region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dermatome represents the motor innervation of muscles in that area.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______.

    <p>transmission of excitatory signals from the brain to the neurons that form the femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus.

    <p>Lumbar plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Striking the 'funny bone' (ulnar nerve) may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus.

    <p>Brachial Plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop.

    <p>Brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus.

    <p>Sacral plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phrenic nerve branches from this plexus.

    <p>Cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

    <p>they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ________.

    <p>the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

    <p>femoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

    <p>sacral plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

    <p>extend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nerve Structure and Function

    • Nerves consist of collections of axons from sensory or motor neurons, but never both.
    • Covered by the outer sheath known as the epineurium; the endoneurium surrounds individual axons.
    • Cranial nerves can be sensory, motor, or mixed; the abducens nerve carries only motor information.

    Reflex Arcs and Sensory Processing

    • A reflex arc requires motor neurons, sensory neurons, and receptors, but not necessarily interneurons.
    • Sensory division of the PNS is distinct from the efferent division.
    • Nociceptors are pain receptors, while mechanoreceptors detect vessel stretch in blood pressure regulation.

    Sensory Receptors

    • Proprioceptors provide awareness of body positioning and movement by sensing muscle stretch and joint position.
    • Transduction is the conversion of stimulus energy into graded potentials.
    • Sensory information processing occurs at receptor, circuit, and perceptual levels, with the thalamus serving as a key synapsing point.

    Nerve Injury and Regeneration

    • CNS nerve regeneration is inhibited by oligodendrocytes.
    • Damage to the hypoglossal nerve carries no sensory information, primarily involved in motor function.
    • Injury to the cervical plexus can affect the phrenic nerve, while the lumbar plexus includes the femoral and obturator nerves.

    Clinical Applications

    • Dermatome maps are utilized to diagnose spinal injuries based on sensory loss patterns.
    • Strong knee-jerk reflexes suggest enhanced excitatory signal transmission from the brain.
    • Increased reflex response may indicate issues with the circuits affecting respective nerves, such as the brachial plexus.

    Additional Facts

    • Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers.
    • In a crossed-extensor reflex, when one arm flexes, the opposite arm extends to maintain balance.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of Mastering Anatomy & Physiology. Each card presents a question relating to nerves and their structure. Review and reinforce your understanding of key concepts in anatomy and physiology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser