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Questions and Answers
What principle underlies the separation of positively charged ions in a Mass Spectrometer?
What principle underlies the separation of positively charged ions in a Mass Spectrometer?
What is the main function of vaporization in the context of Mass Spectrometry?
What is the main function of vaporization in the context of Mass Spectrometry?
In spectroscopy, how does the absorbance of ultraviolet radiation relate to a substance's concentration?
In spectroscopy, how does the absorbance of ultraviolet radiation relate to a substance's concentration?
Which type of radiation is employed to detect molecular absorption in Infrared Spectroscopy?
Which type of radiation is employed to detect molecular absorption in Infrared Spectroscopy?
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What fundamental principle does chromatography rely on?
What fundamental principle does chromatography rely on?
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What role does the stationary phase serve in chromatography?
What role does the stationary phase serve in chromatography?
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What distinguishes High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from Gas Chromatography?
What distinguishes High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from Gas Chromatography?
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Which of the following describes the ionisation step in mass spectrometry?
Which of the following describes the ionisation step in mass spectrometry?
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In paper chromatography, what is the purpose of drawing a line 2cm above the bottom of the paper?
In paper chromatography, what is the purpose of drawing a line 2cm above the bottom of the paper?
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What is the mobile phase in gas chromatography?
What is the mobile phase in gas chromatography?
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What is the primary application of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
What is the primary application of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
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During the separation step in mass spectrometry, what determines how particles are arranged?
During the separation step in mass spectrometry, what determines how particles are arranged?
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Which chromatography technique uses a water mobile phase?
Which chromatography technique uses a water mobile phase?
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What is one of the uses of infrared (IR) chromatography?
What is one of the uses of infrared (IR) chromatography?
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What is the last step in the mass spectrometry process?
What is the last step in the mass spectrometry process?
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Study Notes
Mass Spectrometry Principles
- Positively charged ions are separated based on relative atomic masses.
- Vaporisation converts substances into gaseous states for accurate analysis.
- Mass spectrometry includes steps: Vaporisation, Ionisation, Acceleration, Separation, and Detection.
Absorbance and Concentration
- Absorbance of ultraviolet radiation is directly proportional to the concentration of a substance, following Beer-Lambert law.
Infrared Spectroscopy
- Infrared radiation is utilized to detect the absorption of molecules, aiding in the identification of chemical structures.
Chromatography Fundamentals
- Chromatography operates on the principle of different components interacting variably with stationary and mobile phases, leading to separation.
- The formula for retention factor (Rf) is Rf = (Distance travelled by the component) / (Distance travelled by the solvent front).
Chromatography Phases
- The stationary phase interacts with mixture components for separation due to varying affinities.
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) uses a liquid mobile phase, while Gas Chromatography (GC) employs a gas mobile phase.
Applications of Chromatography
- Utilized in food analysis to detect growth promoters and vitamins, ensuring food safety and compliance with regulations.
Paper Chromatography Process
- Draw a baseline 2 cm above the bottom of chromatography paper.
- Use a capillary tube to place a dot of dye on the line.
- Immerse the paper in water ensuring it's below the baseline.
- Observe the separation of colors as the dye ascends the paper.
Steps in Mass Spectrometry
- Vaporisation: Substance is turned into gas.
- Ionisation: Gas is hit with an electric beam, causing electron loss.
- Acceleration: A magnetic field accelerates cations.
- Separation: Particles separate based on mass.
- Detection: Ions strike the detector, producing a current; the height of the wave indicates abundance.
Spectrometry Principle
- Spectrometry relies on selective absorbance of a mobile phase interacting with a stationary phase for substance identification.
Chromatography Phases in Different Techniques
- For GC: Mobile phase is gas, stationary phase is liquid.
- For HPLC: Mobile phase is liquid, stationary phase is solid.
- For Color Chromatography: Mobile phase is water, stationary phase is chromatography paper.
Uses of Analytical Techniques
- Mass Spectrometry: Detection of drugs.
- Gas Chromatography: Detection of drugs and alcohol.
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Detection of drugs and alcohol.
- Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of drugs.
- Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: Detection of plant pigments.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles and applications of mass spectrometry and spectroscopy. This quiz covers key concepts such as ion separation, vaporization, and the relationship between absorbance and concentration in ultraviolet radiation. Ideal for students in chemistry courses.
