Marine Science Sponges Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How was the first animal created?

  • Through fossil records
  • Through evolution
  • Through chemical reactions
  • Through cells developing a language (correct)

    • What modern animal can we study to learn about the first animal?

    Sponge

    What do sponges thrive in?

    Salt and freshwater

    What evidence tells us that sponges are animals?

    <p>They engage in sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sponge cells do that other animals cannot?

    <p>Reinvent themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a sponge skeleton differ from ours?

    <p>Made up of spicules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spicules?

    <p>Microscopic structures that give a sponge its rigidity and form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are choanocytes?

    <p>Cells that whip like flagella to power the pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pumping do for the sponge?

    <p>Allows the sponge to eat and reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are single-celled organisms not classified as animals?

    <p>They have enclosed membranes and do not form multicellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cells of a sponge after being broken by a sieve?

    <p>They clump back together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways are sponges like other animals?

    <p>They have collagen and are multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much water does a sponge need to pump to filter out 1 ounce of food?

    <p>1 ton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the sponge's pump powered?

    <p>By specialized cells known as choanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collagen?

    <p>A protein that holds the sponge's body together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sponges' bodies held together by?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kingdom do sponges belong to?

    <p>Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the sponge?

    <p>Phylum Porifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the place that the water goes into called?

    <p>Ostia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the large opening that water goes out of known as?

    <p>Osculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lines the inside of the sponge's body cavity?

    <p>Choanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do amebocytes do?

    <p>Pick up food from choanocytes after digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sponge's level of organization?

    <p>Eukaryotic, no tissue, cellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges are what?

    <p>Asymmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges live in?

    <p>Marine habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sponges are heterotrophs meaning they cannot do what?

    <p>Manufacture their own food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of feeders are sponges?

    <p>Filter feeders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do sponges have digestive tracts?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges digest food?

    <p>Through intercellular digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inside body cavity of a sponge is known as?

    <p>Spongocoel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sponge has how many cell layers?

    <p>Two cell layers: outer epidermis and inner endodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges respire?

    <p>Through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do they transport material?

    <p>Through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges excrete waste products?

    <p>Through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the one time in a sponge's life that it can move?

    <p>When it is a larva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sponges reproduce asexually?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges are monoecious meaning they have what?

    <p>Sperm and egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mesenchyme refer to?

    <p>The jelly-like material between the sponge's cell layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Origins and Characteristics of Sponges

    • First animals emerged through cellular communication and development.
    • Sponges inhabit both salt and freshwater environments, thriving in tropical and polar regions.
    • Evidence of sponges being animals includes their heterotrophic nature, presence of collagen, cellular communication, sexual reproduction, and multicellularity.

    Sponge Regeneration and Structure

    • Sponge cells have the unique ability to reform and regenerate if damaged.
    • Sponge skeletons comprise spicules made of materials like calcium carbonate or silica.

    Sponge Anatomy and Function

    • Spicules provide structural rigidity to the sponge.
    • Choanocytes are specialized cells with flagella that facilitate water pumping, essential for feeding and reproduction.
    • Sponges lack organs; their bodies consist of millions of cells that cooperate for survival.
    • The sponge body is held together by collagen, essential for structural integrity in all animals.

    Taxonomy and Physiology

    • Sponges belong to the kingdom Animalia and the phylum Porifera.
    • Water enters through small pores (ostia) and exits through a larger opening (oscula).

    Sponge Body Structure

    • The inner body cavity lined by choanocytes is called the spongocoel.
    • Amebocytes transport nutrients from choanocytes after digestion.
    • Sponges are eukaryotic with no complex tissues and maintain a cellular level of organization.
    • Most sponges exhibit asymmetry and primarily inhabit marine environments.

    Nutrition and Digestion

    • Sponges cannot produce their own food, thus classified as heterotrophs and functioning as filter feeders.
    • They digest food intracellularly, lacking a digestive tract.
    • Respiratory gas exchange, nutrient transport, and waste excretion occur via diffusion.
    • The larval stage of sponges is the only period they are motile.

    Reproduction and Ecological Role

    • Sponges can reproduce asexually through gemmules, budding, and regeneration.
    • Many sponges are monoecious, having both male and female reproductive organs for cross-fertilization, while some are dioecious, producing only one type of gamete.
    • Sponges play vital ecological roles by filtering water, providing habitats, and serving medicinal purposes.
    • The mesenchyme is a jelly-like substance found between sponge cell layers, supporting cellular functions.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of sponges, the first known animals, through flashcards that delve into their characteristics, habitats, and unique features. Learn how sponges communicate and thrive in various environments, and uncover key evidence that classifies them as animals.

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