Biology of Sponges Quiz

surface

False (B)

<p>Choanocytes are responsible for generating water currents and filtering food particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hexactinellida = Spicules made of silica, often fused into a lattice-like skeleton Calcarea = Spicules made of calcium carbonate, have three or four points Demospongiae = Spicules made of silica or spongin, may have no spicules, often have megascleres and microscleres Homoscleromorpha = Recently carved out from Demospongiae, lack a traditional skeleton, often have a thin, smooth pinacoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>large</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megascleres are larger spicules that provide structural support, while microscleres are smaller spicules that reinforce the sponge's body wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demospongiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18S rDNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water filtration = Removes particulate matter from the water Nutrient cycling = Processes organic matter and nutrients in the ecosystem Habitat creation = Provides physical structure for other organisms to live in</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homoscleromorpha is either most closely related to Calcarea or groups with the Eumetazoa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>scallops</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymmetric</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sponges exhibit asymmetry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichoplax adhaerens = The only known species of Placozoa until 2017 Syncytium = A multinucleate cell formed by the fusion of multiple cells Blastula = A hollow ball of cells formed during early embryonic development Intercellular junctions = Specialized structures that connect cells together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pore-bearers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spicules and spongin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have true tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osculum = The main opening of the sponge body through which water exits. Ostia = Small openings on the surface of the sponge where water enters. Atrium = The central cavity of the sponge body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform a specific function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sessile = Fixed in one place, not able to move Intercellular matrix = An intracellular matrix that holds cells together Tissue level of organization = Cells are organized into groups with specialized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choanocytes are responsible for generating water flow through the sponge body and capturing food particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dioecious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parenchymula larva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spicules are hard and inorganic structures made of silica or calcium carbonate, while spongin is a flexible, organic protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sclerocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gemmulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sponges are suspension feeders that filter microscopic food particles from the water that flows through their bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of simple, multicellular animals known as sponges.

Porifera have no true tissue organization and are sessile, meaning they are fixed in one place.

Cells in Porifera are gathered together, maintaining structure without true tissues.

The substance that holds the cells of sponges together, allowing them to function as a unit.

Cells in Porifera originate from a specific embryonic stage, contributing to their unique structure.

A phylum of simple, multicellular animals with no true tissues.

Only one known species until 2017, Trichoplax adhaerens.

Placozoa exhibit asymmetric body symmetry.

Lacks true tissues; classified as having no true tissues.

Placozoa utilize intracellular digestion.

Asexual reproduction occurs via fission; they grow to a certain size and split.

Placozoa are solitary organisms.

Develops from a blastula stage during embryonic development.

A group of ~100 species of sponges previously classified under Demospongiae.

Sponges contribute to water filtration, nutrient cycling, and habitat creation.

Sponges that actively catch and consume prey.

Sponges produce chemicals to protect against predators and disease.

Relationships where sponges provide transport and protection for other organisms like scallops.

Discusses whether ancestral metazoans were similar to sponges or choanoflagellates.

Organisms that have both male and female reproductive organs (hermaphroditic).

A specialized cell in sponges that helps with feeding and water flow.

Species where individuals are either male or female (separate sexes).

Sponges possess various methods to defend themselves, including physical and chemical means.

Organisms that feed on small particles suspended in water.

Specialized cells in sponges that help with feeding and water movement.

Structural elements found in sponges made of silica or calcium carbonate.

A collagen-like protein found in the body of sponges, aiding in structure.

Reproduction without the involvement of gametes, occurs through fragmentation or gemmule formation.

A dormant, asexually produced structure in sponges that can survive tough conditions.

The process of circulating water through a sponge to bring in food and oxygen.

Cells involved in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction in sponges.

The process of forming a skeleton in sponges, usually through sclerocytes producing spicules.

The mobile larval stage of sponges that is released into the water for reproduction.

The differentiation of cells in sponges to perform specific functions despite weak communication among them.

The large opening at the top of a sponge through which water exits.

Small openings on a sponge's surface where water enters.

Class of sponges known as glass sponges, characterized by silica spicules.

Class of sponges with calcium carbonate spicules, which can be in all structural grades.

The largest class of sponges, primarily having silica spicules and sometimes spongin fibers.

A complex sponge body structure with extensive choanocyte chambers for efficient water flow.

A type of cell organization where cells share a common cytoplasm but lack distinct membranes.