Biology: Sponges and Ctenophores

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What is the name of the protein that makes up the skeleton of simple sponges?

Spongin (correct)

Chitin

Keratin

Collagen

What is the primary function of choanocytes in sponges?

To act as a pump to bring water into the sponge (correct)

To facilitate movement

To provide structural support

To aid in digestion

What is a characteristic of sponges that allows them to regenerate lost body parts?

Presence of a centralized gut

Development of internal organs

Totipotent cells (correct)

Presence of a nervous system

What is the name of the phylum that sponges belong to, which means 'pore-bearer'?

Porifera Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated time period that sponges have existed on Earth?

Over 700 million years Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the unicellular eukaryotes that are related to choanocytes?

Choanoflagellates Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of sponges that distinguishes them from other animals?

Lack of conventional nerves and muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the layer of cells in the middle of a sponge's body?

Mesohyl Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the group of all other animals that are related to sponges?

Sister group Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of choanoflagellates that allows them to move and feed?

Flagellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of choanoflagellates in the context of metazoan evolution?

They are the closest relatives to metazoans Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Ctenophores?

The arrangement of fused cilia in rows Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Acrosomata in the context of Ctenophore phylogeny?

It is a structure that is not supported by Whelan et al 2017 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Cnidarians?

They have two cell layers with a layer of jelly between them Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cnidae in Cnidarians?

They are used for defense and predation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of anemones in the context of marine mutualisms?

They are a key component of the anemone-anemonefish mutualism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of corals?

They are colonies of many individual genetically identical zooids Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Cubozoa?

They are the most venomous type of jellyfish Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Hydrozoa?

They are characterized by the formation of colonies with a shared gastrovascular cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'Cnidaria'?

It refers to a group of animals with stinging cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which sponges move?

Movement of individual cells through crawling Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for generating all other cell types in sponges?

Archaeocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shared by choanoflagellates and sponges?

Presence of a flagellum for transportation and feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of sponges being considered the sister group of all other animals?

They share a common ancestor with all other animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesophyl in sponges?

To separate the two layers of cells in the sponge Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the protein that makes up the skeleton of simple sponges?

Spongin Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that distinguishes sponges from parazoans?

Lack of conventional nerves and muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of choanocytes in sponges?

To act as a pump to bring water into the sponge Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that choanoflagellates and sponges share with other animals?

Presence of a flagellum for transportation and feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'Porifera'?

It refers to the phylum that sponges belong to Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the uncertainty in Ctenophore placement in the evolutionary tree?

The presence of acrosomata in some sponges Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Cubozoa venom?

It has potent haemolytic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Scyphozoans?

They have radial symmetry Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the presence of cnidae in Cnidarians?

For defence and predation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Hexacorallia?

Their gastrovascular septa are divided into multiples of 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the anemone-anemonefish mutualism?

For defence against predators Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Anthozoans?

They include corals and sea anemones Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the presence of choanoflagellates at the base of metazoans?

For attachment to surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Porifera?

They lack true tissue layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Hydrozoans?

They are colonial animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the placement of Choanoflagellates as the closest relatives to metazoans?

Due to the presence of collar cells Signup and view all the answers

Biology: Sponges and Ctenophores

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the protein that makes up the skeleton of simple sponges?

What is the primary function of choanocytes in sponges?

What is a characteristic of sponges that allows them to regenerate lost body parts?

What is the name of the phylum that sponges belong to, which means 'pore-bearer'?

What is the estimated time period that sponges have existed on Earth?

What is the name of the unicellular eukaryotes that are related to choanocytes?

What is a characteristic of sponges that distinguishes them from other animals?

What is the term used to describe the layer of cells in the middle of a sponge's body?

What is the term used to describe the group of all other animals that are related to sponges?

What is a characteristic of choanoflagellates that allows them to move and feed?

What is the significance of choanoflagellates in the context of metazoan evolution?

What is a characteristic feature of Ctenophores?

What is the significance of Acrosomata in the context of Ctenophore phylogeny?

What is the characteristic feature of Cnidarians?

What is the function of cnidae in Cnidarians?

What is the significance of anemones in the context of marine mutualisms?

What is the characteristic feature of corals?

What is the significance of Cubozoa?

What is the characteristic feature of Hydrozoa?

What is the significance of the term 'Cnidaria'?

What is the primary mechanism by which sponges move?

Which cell type is responsible for generating all other cell types in sponges?

What is the characteristic shared by choanoflagellates and sponges?

What is the significance of sponges being considered the sister group of all other animals?

What is the function of the mesophyl in sponges?

What is the term used to describe the protein that makes up the skeleton of simple sponges?

What is the characteristic that distinguishes sponges from parazoans?

What is the primary function of choanocytes in sponges?

What is the characteristic that choanoflagellates and sponges share with other animals?

What is the significance of the term 'Porifera'?

What is the likely reason for the uncertainty in Ctenophore placement in the evolutionary tree?

What is the unique feature of Cubozoa venom?

What is the characteristic feature of Scyphozoans?

What is the likely reason for the presence of cnidae in Cnidarians?

What is the characteristic feature of Hexacorallia?

What is the likely reason for the anemone-anemonefish mutualism?

What is the unique feature of Anthozoans?

What is the likely reason for the presence of choanoflagellates at the base of metazoans?

What is the characteristic feature of Porifera?

What is the unique feature of Hydrozoans?

What is the likely reason for the placement of Choanoflagellates as the closest relatives to metazoans?

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